NASA 旋翼飞行器研究 · 课题 02

ROAMX 项目主题图。
图片来源:NASA ROAMX 项目网页
NASA 空间技术任务理事会(STMD)将一项总预算为 250 万美元的项目授予艾姆斯研究中心的青年航空工程师。Haley Cummings 女士及其职业生涯早期的团队成员,入选 NASA 2021 财年空间技术任务理事会“早期职业创新计划”(Early Career Initiative,ECI)。项目名为“推动火星探索的旋翼飞行器优化”(Rotorcraft Optimization for the Advancement of Mars eXploration,ROAMX)。
ROAMX 建立在 NASA 艾姆斯研究中心航空力学办公室与喷气推进实验室(JPL)的成功合作基础上。此前的合作促成了“机智号”(Ingenuity)火星直升机技术验证机。在项目立项时,“机智号”计划于 2021 年在火星飞行。
ROAMX 首席研究员 Haley Cummings。
图片来源:NASA ROAMX 项目网页
ROAMX 项目旨在显著增强旋翼飞行器在火星上的能力,从而大幅拓展对火星表面及大气开展科学实验和探索的范围。拟开展的研究将利用新颖的非常规翼型和旋翼桨叶,形成优化旋翼,用于下一代先进火星旋翼飞行器,显著提高其有效载荷能力、速度和航程。
为实现这些目标,研究重点是推动先进火星旋翼飞行器的翼型与桨叶几何优化技术走向成熟,并通过试验验证和展示旋翼性能的提升。
优化翼型的计算流体力学(CFD)仿真。原图引文:Koning, W. J., Romander, E. A., and Johnson, W., 2020, “Optimization of Low Reynolds Number Airfoils for Martian Rotor Applications Using an Evolutionary Algorithm,” AIAA SciTech 2020 Forum, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Orlando, Florida.
图片来源:NASA ROAMX 项目网页
采用优化桨叶的先进火星直升机;图示说明其相较于“机智号”可具有更大的有效载荷能力。
图片来源:NASA ROAMX 项目网页
项目由艾姆斯航空力学办公室的首席研究员 Haley Cummings 领导。核心团队负责人还包括 Science and Technology Corporation 的两名青年工程师:试验负责人 Natalia Perez Perez,以及计算负责人 Witold Koning。
其他 NASA 公务员团队成员均来自航空力学办公室,包括 Lauren Wagner(试验空气动力学)、Dorsa Shirazi(旋翼计算空气动力学)、Shannah Withrow(旋翼飞行器系统负责人)和 Sarah Conley(机械系统)。这些 NASA 公务员均为该办公室现任或曾经的 Pathways 实习生;ROAMX 全体成员也都曾参加 NASA 航空力学大学实习项目。
外部合作伙伴 AeroVironment 提供旋翼桨叶设计与制造技术。NASA 艾姆斯的正式高级顾问为航空力学办公室的 Larry Young 和 Wayne Johnson 博士;JPL 高级顾问为“机智号”总工程师 Bob Balaram 博士,以及“机智号”飞行试验指挥 Theodore Tzanetos。项目管理高级顾问 Susan Gorton 是 NASA 航空研究任务理事会(ARMD)先进航空飞行器计划下“革命性垂直升力技术”项目的负责人。
ROAMX 试验负责人 Natalia Perez Perez 在 NASA 艾姆斯研究中心装配硬件,为火星飞行条件下的试验作准备。
图片来源:NASA ROAMX 项目网页
2014 年夏季,Cummings 作为 NASA 航空力学实习生,在风洞试验台上开展摄影测量试验。2016 年春季,她以科学任务理事会 Sally Ride 实习研究员身份返回艾姆斯航空力学办公室,为 N-242 楼内艾姆斯行星风成作用实验室的风洞,设计了首个直升机旋翼风洞试验台。
2017 年,她在北伊利诺伊大学(NIU)攻读研究生期间,入选 NASA Pathways 就业实习计划;她当时也是该校 NCAA 一级联赛女子足球队的成员。2018 年 6 月毕业后,她从 Pathways 计划转为航空力学办公室的机械工程师。在项目立项介绍中,她在航空力学机械系统团队工作,并领导激光扫描与摄影测量团队。
她还是 NASA 新型并列式城市空中交通飞行器 7 英尺 × 10 英尺风洞模型的主任设计工程师。项目立项介绍还提到,她以第一作者身份发表了一篇论文,研究对 NASA/美国陆军 XV-15 倾转旋翼机实物几何外形的测量;该机当时陈列在史密森尼国家航空航天博物馆 Steven F. Udvar-Hazy 中心。她曾参与火星大气密度条件下的直升机风洞试验,并与他人合著多篇关于利用旋翼飞行器开展火星科学研究的论文。
ROAMX 计算负责人 Witold Koning 使用计算流体力学方法,优化适用于火星飞行的翼型。
图片来源:NASA ROAMX 项目网页
此次 STMD ECI 遴选共评估了来自 NASA 8 个不同研究中心的 22 份提案,由 NASA 综合技术专家和专业领域专家进行评审,最终选出 5 个项目予以资助。ROAMX 的立项周期为两年,总预算为 250 万美元。
ROAMX 项目提案视频缩略图。
图片来源:NASA ROAMX 项目网页
ROAMX Proposal Video
观看项目提案视频
https://www.you tube.com/watch?v=qVNxUCcgZxE
1. Koning, W. J. F., Perez Perez, B. N., Dominguez, M., Cummings, H., "ROAMX 旋翼几何参数," NASA/TM–20260002369.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/roamx-airfoil-rotor-geom-20260319.pdf
Download Spreadsheet · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/roamx-airfoil-rotor-geom-spreadsheet-20250710.xlsx
2. Caros, L., Koning, W., Nagata, T., Asai, K., Buxton, O., Perez Perez, N., Romander, E., Nonomura, T., Cummings, H., Vincent, P., "CLF5605 与 roamx-0201 火星直升机旋翼翼型的计算与试验对比," AIAA Journal, Published Online, September 2026.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/AIAAjournalTypreset4web.pdf
3. Donovan, M.,Datta, A., "用于火星飞行的超薄旋翼制造与旋转状态频率试验" Presented at the 52nd European Rotorcraft Forum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2026.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/ERF_2026_Final.pdf
4. Cummings, H., Radotich, M., Perez Perez, N., Koning, W., Wright, S., Johnson, W., Romander, E., Withrow-Maser, S., “采用优化旋翼的火星直升机能力,” Presented at the Vertical Flight Society’s Vertical Lift Aircraft Design and Aeromechanics Specialist’s Conference, San Jose, CA, January 2026.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/MarsHeliCapabilities_Final_Update.pdf
5. Perez Perez, B. N., Cummings, H., Koning, W., Haddad, F., Sheikman, A., Cornelison C., Perez, A., Cervantes, A., “拓展火星旋翼试验能力的悬停试验台研制,” Presented at the Vertical Flight Society’s Vertical Lift Aircraft Design and Aeromechanics Specialist’s Conference, San Jose, CA, January 2026.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/HoverStandDevelopment_Final.pdf
6. Perez Perez, B. N., Cummings, H., Koning, W., Haddad, F., Sheikman, A., Cornelison, C., Perez, A., Cervantes, A. Wright, S., Romander, E., Johnson, W., Smith, J., Lumba, R., Chi, C., Donovan, M., Datta, A., Nagata, T., Asai, K., Nonomura, T., Caros, L., Buxton, O., Vincent, P., “面向火星应用的直升机翼型与桨叶设计准则、设计方案及试验验证,” AIAA SciTech Forum, Orlando, FL, January 2026.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/PerezPerez_SciTech_2026.pdf
7. Caros, L., Koning, W., Nagata, T., Asai, K., Buxton, O., Perez Perez, N., Romander, E., Nonomura, T., Cummings, H., Vincent, P., “CLF5605 与 roamx-0201 火星直升机旋翼翼型的计算与试验对比,” ePrint 2511.14934, Submitted to AIAA Journal.
Download · https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14934
8. Koning, W., Perez Perez, N., Cummings, H., Romander, E., Johnson, W., "ELISA:火星大气低雷诺数条件下旋翼悬停性能优化工具," Vertical Flight Society Sixth Decennial Aeromechanics Specialists' Conference, Santa Clara, CA, February 2024.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/1689_Koning_Final_011924.pdf
9. Koning, W.J.F., Perez Perez, N., Cummings, H., Nagata, T., Kanzaki, Y., Kasai, M., Miyagi, M., Nonomura, T., Asai, K., Caros, L., Buxton, O., Vincent, P., "火星风洞中低雷诺数可压缩流动条件下火星旋翼航空器翼型(roamx-0201 和 clf5605)的试验结果," NASA–TM–20240004230
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/NASA-TM-20240004230.pdf
10. Koning, W., Perez Perez, N., Cummings, H., Romander, E., Johnson, W., "面向火星探索的低雷诺数旋翼悬停性能综述," 50th European Rotorcraft Forum, Marseille, France 2024.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Koning_France_2024.pdf
11. Koning, W., Perez Perez, N., Cummings, H., Romander, E., Johnson, W., "ELISA:火星大气低雷诺数条件下旋翼悬停性能优化工具," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Volume 69, Number 4, October 2024, pp. 1-15(15).
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/1689_Koning_Final_011924.pdf
12. Lumba, R., Chi, C., Datta, A., Koning, W., Perez Perez, N., Cummings, H., "未来火星旋翼航空器非常规桨叶的结构设计与航空力学分析," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Volume 68, Number 2, April, 2023.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/5_3_MarsHelicopter_JAHS2023.pdf
13. Koning, W., Romander, E., Cummings, H., Perez Perez, B.N. and Buning, P., "深化对低雷诺数翼型性能评估方法的认识," Journal of Aircraft, Volume 60, No. 2, March 2023
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/1.c037023.pdf
14. Wright, S., Koning, W., Perez Perez, N.B., Cummings, H., Johnson, W., "桨叶弹性对火星旋翼试验性能影响的预测," Presented at the VFS Autonomous VTOL Technical Meeting, Mesa, Arizona, USA Jan. 24-26, 2023.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/sm-2023-AVTOL-1-02-10-Wright.pdf
15. Lumba, R., Chi, C., Datta, A., Koning, W., Perez Perez, N., and Cummings, H., "未来火星旋翼航空器非常规桨叶的结构设计与航空力学分析" Presented at the VFS Aeromechanics for Advanced Vertical Flight Technical Meeting, San Jose, CA, Jan 25-27, 2022.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Lumba_TVF_2022.pdf
16. Cummings, H., Perez Perez, B.N., Koning, W., Johnson, W., Young, L., Haddad,F., Romander, E., Balaram,J.B., Tzanetos, T., Bowman, J., Wagner, L., Withrow–Maser, S., Isaacs, E., Toney, S., Shirazi, D., Conley, S., Pipenberg, B., Datta, A., Lumba, R., Chi, C., Smith, J.K., Cornelison, C., Perez, A., Nonomura, T., Asai, K., "推动火星探索的旋翼优化(ROAMX)项目概述与介绍," Presented at the VFS Aeromechanics for Advanced Vertical Flight Technical Meeting, San Jose, CA, Jan 25-27, 2022.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Haley_Cummings_FINAL_31-Jan-22.pdf
1. Koning, W., Perez Perez, N., Cummings, H., Romander, E., Johnson, W., "火星直升机旋翼设计:克服未来火星探索中的气动挑战," Virtual Tech Talk Presented by the Arizona Chapter of VFS International, Tuesday March 18, 2025.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/vfs-2025-presentation-final.pptx
2. Koning, W., Perez Perez, N., Cummings, H., Romander, E., Johnson, W., "推进空气动力学研究:面向火星应用的翼型与旋翼性能耦合优化," 2025 AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition, Orlando, Fl, January 6, 2025.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/scitech-2025-presentation-u1.pptx
1. Cornelius, J., Peters, N., Aires, J., Aagren, T., Lugo, D., Comer, A., Miles, Z., "利用机器学习开展长航程火星旋翼航空器设计优化," Presented at the Vertical Flight Society’s 81st Annual Forum and Technology Display, Virginia Beach, USA, May 20-22, 2025.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Cornelius_LRMR_f81.pdf
2. Sahragard-Monfared G., Bowman, J., Koning, W., Johnson, W., "实度、桨叶数与弦长分布对火星环境中旋翼性能的影响," Presented at the Vertical Flight Society’s 81st Annual Forum & Technology Display, Virginia Beach, VA, USA, May 20-22, 2025.
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/2025_VFS_Forum81_SahragardMonfared.pdf
3. Withrow-Maser, S., Johnson, W., Koning, W., Aagren, T., Sahragard-Monfared, G., Bowman, J., Kaweesa, D., Ruan, A., Malpica, C., Jones-Wilson, L., Izraelevitz, J., Delaune, J., Mier-Hicks, F., Sneeder, K., Veisman, M., “实现 Chopper 等更大型火星旋翼航空器的关键气动与性能升级,” Presented at the Vertical Flight Society’s 81st Annual Forum & Technology Display, Virginia Beach, VA, USA, May 20-22, 2025.
Download · https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20250004293/downloads/Critical_Aerodynamic_final_v4.pdf
1. Johnson, W., Withrow-Maser, S., Young, L., Malpica, C., Koning, W.J.F., Kuang, W., Fehler, M., Tuano, A., Chan, A., Datta, A., Chi, C., Lumba, R., Escobar, D., Balaram, J., Tzanetos, T., Grip, H., "火星科学直升机概念设计" NASA/TM–2020–220485
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/MSH_WJohnson_TM2020rev.pdf
2. Koning, W.J.F., Romander, E.A., Johnson, W., "利用进化算法优化火星旋翼应用的低雷诺数翼型" Presented at the AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition (AIAA SciTech), Orlando, Florida, USA, January 6–10, 2020
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/koningAIAA2020.pdf
3. Koning, W.J.F., Romander, E., Johnson, W., "利用遗传算法优化火星旋翼应用的平板翼型性能," Presented at the 45th European Rotorcraft Forum, Warsaw, Poland, 17-20 September, 2019
4. Koning, W.J.F., Johnson, W., Grip, H., "用于综合分析的改进火星直升机旋翼气动模型," AIAA Journal, Vol. 57, No. 9 (2019), pp. 3969-3979. doi: https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J05804
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/koning_AIAA_2019.pdf
5. Perez Perez, B.N., Ament, G.A., and Koning, W.J.F., "从地球到火星大气密度条件下的旋翼前飞性能试验," NASA/CR–2019–220229
Download · https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Perez_Ament_Koning_CR-2019-220229_Final.pdf
NASA 行星风成作用实验室(NASA Planetary Aeolian Laboratory)
https://www.nasa.gov/thermophysics-facilities-branch-planetary-aeolian-laboratory/
资料与图片来源:NASA Ames Research Center,ROAMX 项目网页。文献目录更新至本文整理时(2026 年 10 月 1 日)。
https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Research/Programs/roamx.html