围压对岩石压入裂纹扩展与能量演化的影响：2D-DEM 模拟及机械化开采启示

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论文题目

Effects of confining stress on crack propagation and energy evolution during rock indentation: Insights from 2D-DEM simulations and implications for mechanized mining

Shaofeng Wang^a,*,Xinlei Shi^a,Yu Tang^b,Xin Cai^a,Zilong Zhou^a,Shanyong Wang^c

a School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University,Changsha, 410083, China

b School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410075, China

c School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2238, Australia

研究内容

Abstract: Non-explosive mechanized rock breaking technology is being increasingly adopted for deep rock excavation. The complexity of stress conditions in deep rock can significantly affect the efficiency of non-explosive mechanized rock breaking. However, the limited understanding of the rock breaking performance of conical picks under complex stress conditions constrains the application of this technique in deep rock engineering projects. In this study, the rock breaking characteristics associated with rock indentation under varying confining stress levels were investigated through numerical simulations using discrete element modelling software (MatDEM). The results indicate that tensile fractures predominantly occur during vertical indentation. As the confining stress increases, the length and quantity of radial cracks generated within the rock decrease. When the confining stress exceeds 9 MPa (16.6 % of the uniaxial compressive strength of rock), discrete distributions of tensile cracks form within the rock during the indentation process. Moreover, the evolution of rock energy exhibits a nonlinear double-peak trend with increasing confining stress, whereas the system heat evolution demonstrates a “decrease–increase–decrease” pattern. Additionally, the rock cuttability is evaluated by a nalysing the indenta tion force and specific energy during the initial leap process. The findings reveal that the rock is more easily fractured under low- or no-stress conditions. As the confining stress increases, the rock cuttability initially de creases but subsequently increas es. This study reveals the nonlinear mechanis m of confining stress on controlling crack propagation and energy evolution during rock indentation, providing a theoretical basis and technical pathway for non-explosive mechanized mining in deep hard rock.

Keywords: DEM; Vertical indentation; Conical pick; Energy and heat evolution; Confining stress

Fig.1 Schematic of rock indentation under vertical confining stress conditions

Fig.2 Heat evolution model

Fig.3 Results of the numerical calibration of rock parameters: (a) stress-strain curve from uniaxial compression simulation; (b) stress-displacement curve from Brazilian splitting simulation; (c) results from uniaxial compression simulation: particle displacement field, crack propagation pattern, and particle connection; (d) results from Brazilian splitting simulation: particle displacement field, crack propagation pattern, and particle connection

Fig.4 Rock indentation under confining stress conditions: (a) numerical model of rock indentation system with confining stress; (b) geometrical parameters of the conical pick

Fig.5 Changes in force on the conical pick and particle displacement during vertical indentation: (a) changes in force; (b) depth = 0 mm; (c) depth = 10 mm; (d) depth = 20 mm

Fig.8 Evolution of displacement and velocity fields during rock indentation: (a) displacement distributions at different stages; (b) velocity distributions at different stages

Fig.9 Evolution of the horizontal and vertical stress fields during rock indentation: (a) stress variation in the X direction at different stages; (b) stress variation in the Z direction at different stages

Fig.11 Crack distributions during rock indentation under different confining stresses: (a) 0 MPa; (b) 3 MPa; (c) 6 MPa; (d) 9 MPa; (e) 12 MPa; (f) 15 MPa; (g) 18 MPa; (h) 21 MPa; (i) 24 MPa; (j) 27 MPa (the short red lines denote tensile failures between adjacent particles, forming tensile cracks, while the short blue lines represent shear cracks). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

了解详情

Wang S, Shi X, Tang Y, et al. Effects of confining stress on crack propagation and energy evolution during rock indentation: Insights from 2D-DEM simulations and implications for mechanized mining[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2026, 198: 106392.

来源：矩阵离散元MatDEM

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首次发布时间：2026-03-05

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