
今日更新:Composites Part B: Engineering 2 篇
A multi-level interfacial structure between 304 SSM heating elements and GF-PA66 for synergistic strengthening in resistance welding
Jiayi Chen, Jianhui Su, Xueyan Zhang, Fuyun Liu, Caiwang Tan, Xiaohui Han, Gengxiang Yang, Bo Chen, Xiaoguo Song, Swee Leong Sing
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2026.113818
304 SSM加热元件与GF-PA66之间的多层界面结构在电阻焊中的协同强化
Interfacial bonding reliability remains a critical challenge in resistance welding of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (FRTP) for lightweight applications. In this study, to transform the SSM from a passive heating element into an active load-bearing component, a multi-level interfacial structure featuring a roughness-induced discontinuous silane layer was constructed on 304 stainless steel mesh (SSM) via sequential hydrochloric acid (HCl) etching and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coupling. The underlying strengthening mechanism was systematically investigated. Results showed that etching created a three-dimensional micro-nano structure on the SSM, enhancing the interfacial bonding strength via anchoring. Simultaneously, the enlarged surface area and the increase in surface hydroxyl (-OH) density facilitated the adsorption of APTES. Critically, the self-condensation of APTES was suppressed on the rough surface, yielding a discontinuous silane layer rich in both amino (-NH2) and silanol (-Si-OH) groups, which promoted the formation of a dense hydrogen-bonding network with GF-PA66. Consequently, the synergistic reinforcement from micro-mechanical interlocking and molecular-level hydrogen bonding increased the joint strength by 54.16% to 44.43 MPa. The corresponding failure mode shifted to a mixture of cohesive resin tearing and cooperative SSM deformation, confirming the functional transformation of the SSM. This work provides new insights into silane-based interfacial design for high-performance FRTP resistance welding and deepens the understanding of multi-level interfacial interactions in metal-polymer composite systems.
界面粘接的可靠性仍然是纤维增强热塑性复合材料(FRTP)轻量化应用中电阻焊的关键挑战。为了将SSM从被动加热元件转变为主动承载元件,在304不锈钢网(SSM)上通过盐酸(HCl)蚀刻和γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)偶联构建了具有粗糙诱导不连续硅烷层的多级界面结构。系统地研究了潜在的强化机制。结果表明,蚀刻在SSM上形成了三维微纳结构,通过锚定增强了界面结合强度。同时,表面积的增大和表面羟基(-OH)密度的增加有利于APTES的吸附。重要的是,APTES在粗糙表面的自缩合被抑制,生成了一个不连续的硅烷层,富含氨基(-NH2)和硅醇(-Si-OH)基团,这促进了与GF-PA66形成致密的氢键网络。结果表明,微力学联锁和分子级氢键的协同强化使接头强度提高了54.16%,达到44.43 MPa。相应的破坏模式转变为树脂黏性撕裂和SSM协同变形的混合,证实了SSM的功能转变。这项工作为高性能FRTP电阻焊的硅烷界面设计提供了新的见解,并加深了对金属-聚合物复合体系中多层次界面相互作用的理解。
Enhancing longitudinal compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites via organic–inorganic synergistic crosslinking: interphase strengthening and microbuckling suppression
Qiming Wang, Minghang Yang, Yining Wang, Lei Lu, Yulong Meng, Zhimin Wang, Xigao Jian, Yousi Chen
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2026.113811
通过有机-无机协同交联提高碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料的纵向抗压强度:界面强化和微屈曲抑制
To overcome the intrinsic limitation of carbon fiber reinforced Polyphthalazine ether sulfone ketone (CF/PPESK) in longitudinal compression, an organic–inorganic synergistic crosslinking strategy is proposed to construct a mechanically graded interphase around carbon fibers. A crosslinkable high-modulus thermoplastic resin was engineered by co-designing an alkynyl-terminated heterocyclic Polyphthalazinone ether nitrile ketone (PPENK-E) and azide-functionalized silica (N3–SiO2), targeting interphase stiffening and shear-load transfer. The role of matrix/interphase modulus in governing longitudinal compressive strength and failure evolution was systematically investigated. Increasing the hybrid crosslinking density together with nanosilica reinforcement significantly enhanced the elastic and shear mod uli of the matrix, thereby forming a robust intermediate-modulus interphase and improving lateral constraint against fiber microbuckling. Consequently, the optimized composite achieves a longitudinal compressive strength of 936 MPa at 25 °C and retains 81% of its compressive strength at 200 °C, demonstrating excellent elevated-temperature compressive stability. Force-modulation AFM reveals a “high-modulus fiber–intermediate-modulus interphase–matrix” architecture with an enlarged modulus-gradient zone, which is consistent with improved interphase reinforcement and reduced stiffness mismatch. These observations are consistent with microscopy and a coupled elastic-buckling/plastic-kinking simulation, revealing delayed kink-band initiation and constrained damage localization. This work establishes a modulus-centered, scalable route for compression-critical thermoplastic composites with high load-bearing capability and robust thermomechanical stability for elevated-temperature structural applications.
为了克服碳纤维增强聚酞嗪醚砜酮(CF/PPESK)纵向压缩的固有局限性,提出了一种有机-无机协同交联策略,在碳纤维周围构建机械梯度界面相。通过设计端烷基杂环聚酞嗪酮醚腈酮(PPENK-E)和叠氮化二氧化硅(N3-SiO2),设计了一种可交联的高模量热塑性树脂,以增强相间刚度和剪切载荷传递。系统研究了基体/相间模量对纵向抗压强度和破坏演化的控制作用。增加杂化交联密度和纳米二氧化硅增强显著提高了基体的弹性模量和剪切模量,从而形成了稳健的中间模量界面,提高了对纤维微屈曲的侧向约束。因此,优化后的复合材料在25℃时的纵向抗压强度为936 MPa,在200℃时仍能保持81%的抗压强度,表现出优异的高温抗压稳定性。力调制AFM显示出“高模量纤维-中间模量相间矩阵”结构,具有较大的模梯度区,这与增强的相间增强和减少的刚度失配相一致。这些观察结果与显微镜和耦合弹性-屈曲/塑性-扭结模拟相一致,揭示了延迟扭结带起始和约束损伤定位。这项工作为压缩临界热塑性复合材料建立了以模量为中心、可扩展的路线,具有高承载能力和强大的高温结构应用的热机械稳定性。