HyperWorks 10.0 Abaqus 建模与后处理指南-英文版-156页

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摘要：

本文为 HyperWorks 10.0 版本下 HyperMesh 与 Abaqus 6.8 的建模及后处理官方指南，先介绍 Abaqus 接口基础配置，包括输入输出模板、用户配置、工具菜单等核心功能。接着讲解模型数据定义，涵盖组件、材料、截面属性设置，支持 Nastran 模型转换与一维单元三维可视化。借助步管理器完成模型与历史数据定义，实现载荷、边界条件与输出请求配置，还可完成螺栓预紧、解析刚性面、接触、单节点单元等高级建模。此外介绍局部坐标系、方向系统定义，Abaqus/Explicit 通用接触与幅值曲线设置，最后说明 HyperView 对静态与复频结果的后处理方法，含云图、矢量图、数据曲线绘制，配套实操案例，完整覆盖前处理到后处理流程。

HyperWorks for Abaqus

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©2009 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, trans mitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated to another language without the written permission of Altair Engineering, Inc. To obtain this permission, write to the attention Altair Engineering legal department at: 1820 E. Big Beaver, Troy, Michigan, USA, or call +1-248-614-2400.

Trademark and Registered Trademark Acknowledgments

HyperMesh® 1990-2009; HyperView® 1999-2009; OptiStruct® 1996-2009; RADIOSS® 1986-2009; HyperCrash™ 2001-2009; HyperStudy® 1999-2009; HyperGraph® 1995-2009; MotionView®1993-2009; MotionSolve® 20022009; TextView™ 1996-2009; MediaView™ 1999-2009; HyperForm® 1998-2009; HyperXtrude®1999-2009; HyperView Player® 2001-2009; Process Manager™ 2003-2009; Data Manager™ 2005-2009; Assembler™ 2005-2009; FEModel™ 2004-2009; BatchMesher™ 2003-2009; Templex™ 1990-2009; Manufacturing Solutions™ 2005-2009; HyperDieDynamics™ 2007-2009; HyperMath™ 2007-2009; ScriptView™ 2007-2009.

In addition to HyperWorks® trademarks noted above, GridWorks™, PBS™ Gridworks®, PBS™ Professional®, PBS™ and Portable Batch System® are trademarks of ALTAIR ENGINEERING INC., as is patent # 6,859,792. All are protected under U.S. and international laws and treaties. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.

Table of Contents HyperWorks for Abaqus

Preface.....................................................................................................................1

1. Foundation for Abaqus Modeling......................................................................3

2. Introduction to Defining Abaqus Model Data...................................................7

Section 1: Defining Model Data.........................................................................................8

Section 2: Element Property Assignment, Importing and Include Files...........................20

Section 3: Converting a Nastran Model to Abaqus.........................................................27

Section 4: 3D Visualization of 1D Element with Abaqus models………………………….30

3. Defining Model and History Data With the Step Manager.............................43

Section 1: Define Model Data with Step Manager..........................................................44

Section 2: Define History Data with Step Manager.........................................................50

4. Bolt Pretensioning, Ana lytical Rigid Surfaces, One Node Elements...........63

Section 1: Bolt Pretension...............................................................................................64

Section 2: An alytical Rigid Surfaces...............................................................................68

Section 3: One Node Elements and Contact Definition..................................................81

5. Systems in Abaqus...........................................................................................91

Section 1: *SYSTEM, *TRANSFORM.............................................................................92

Section 2: *ORIENTATION...........................................................................................101

6. Model Setup in Abaqus/Explicit.....................................................................107

Section 1: General Contacts, Boundary Conditions in Abaqus/Explicit.........................108

7. Post Processing Abaqus Results in HyperView..........................................119

Section 1: Post Processing Static An alysis Results......................................................119

Section 2: Post Processing Complex Results...............................................................134

Appendix .............................................................................................................145

Preface

This course manual is based on HyperMesh 10.0, HyperView 10.0, and Abaqus 6.8. HyperMesh is a high-performance finite element pre-processor for major finite element

solvers, such as Abaqus. HyperView is a complete post-processing and visualization environment for finite element an alysis, multi-body system simulation, video, and engineering data.

In a traditional classroom setting, this course manual will help you become proficient with various panels and utilities in HyperMesh that are used to set up models for an alysis with Abaqus. It will also help you to learn about post-processing and viewing Abaqus results in HyperView.

It is suggested that students be familiar with HyperMesh and HyperView before attending this course.

• For students not familiar with HyperMesh and HyperView, the suggested prerequisite HyperMesh and HyperView course is HyperMesh Introduction (Preprocessing for Finite Element An alysis).

• For students familiar with HyperMesh, but not with HyperView, the suggested prerequisite HyperView course is HyperView Introduction (Results Visualization and Data An alysis for Finite Element A nalysis).

Chapter 1 Foundation for Abaqus Modeling

In this chapter, the following topics using HyperMesh will be discussed:

• Abaqus FE input translator

• Abaqus FE output template

• Abaqus Utility Menu

• Abaqus User Profile

• On-line help for HyperMesh-Abaqus interface

The above items are the foundation for interfacing with Abaqus in HyperMesh.

Abaqus FE Input Translator

The Abaqus FE input translator imports Abaqus input files. It is named Abaqus and it supports input files for Abaqus versions 5.8 and above. Select this input translator and import an Abaqus input file from the Import browsers.

Abaqus FE Output Template

An Abaqus FE output template contains Abaqus specific formatting instructions that HyperMesh uses to create an Abaqus *.inp file. Several templates exist:

Abaqus Utility Menu

The Abaqus Utility Menu contains five pages of tools, with one page specific to using Abaqus with HyperMesh. The Abaqus page contains tools specific to interfacing with Abaqus. The other four pages are the same pages in the default HyperMesh Utility Menu. Some of the tools in the Abaqus page are described in the table below.

Abaqus User Profile

Users can save time setting up their model by loading the Abaqus User Profile. You can set the User Profile from the Preferences pull-down menu >> User Profiles…

Setting the User Profile to Abaqus also performs the following actions:

• Sets the FE input translator to Abaqus

• Loads the appropriate Abaqus FE output template (standard.2d, standard.3d or explicit)

• Loads the Abaqus Utility Menu

• Makes the graphical user interface Abaqus focused by renaming or removing certain panels and options.

Changing the Abaqus User Profile to another profile, such as OptiStruct, does not alter the

Abaqus model.

On-line Help

HyperMesh on-line help has a reference guide for interfacing with Abaqus. Access help from the Help pull-down menu and by selecting the HyperMesh and BatchMesher item, or by pressing the “h” keyboard key.

In the Contents tab of the left frame of the Internet browser, go to HyperMesh Guide HyperMesh Interfacing with External Products User’s Interfacing with Finite Element Solvers Abaqus Solver Interface.

Chapter 2 Introduction to Defining Abaqus Model Data

In this chapter, the following topics using HyperMesh will be discussed:

• Creating and editing Abaqus components, materials and section properties.

• Viewing images of keywords and data lines in HyperMesh as they appear in the Abaqus input file.

• Reviewing material and property assignments using model browser views.

• Selecting Abaqus entity types for HyperMesh element configurations and creating 1D elements.

• Reviewing a model in the solver browser and exporting an Abaqus formatted input file.

• Assigning properties directly to elements.

• Working with include files.

• Using the Nastran To Abaqus utility to convert models.

• 3D Beam Visualization with Abaqus Models.

Section 1: Defining model data (elements, properties, materials)

HyperMesh Card Images

HyperMesh card images allow you to view images of keywords and data lines for defined Abaqus entities as interpreted by the loaded template. The keywords and data lines will appear in the Abaqus input file as you see them in the card images. Additionally, for some card images, you can define and edit various parameters and data items for the corresponding Abaqus keyword.

Use the Card Editor panel in the tool bar to review and edit card images. Also, for many entities, review and edit their card image from the panel in which they are created, or by accessing the Card Edit option in the context-sensitive menu of the model browser.

*ELEMENT with Section Property

Starting in HyperMesh 9.0 and continuing in HyperMesh 10.0, sectional properties, such as

SHELL SECTION, are defined by the card image of a property collector. In previous versions

sectional properties were defined within a component collector. Elements still belong to a

component collector, but their property assignment is now made by assigning a property to the

component.

The Abaqus keyword

*ELEMENT, TYPE = <type>, ELSET = <name>

is defined by Abaqus elements collected in a HyperMesh component collector. One

*ELEMENT keyword is written to the Abaqus input file for each element type in the component.

The name of the ELSET is the name of the component.

The Abaqus sectional property associated to the *ELEMENT is defined by a property collector’s card image. The property collector itself is associated to the component collector which contains the elements that should assume the associated property. The material that is associated to the property is defined by a HyperMesh material collector which is linked to the property. The diagram below shows how an *ELEMENT and its associated property and material are organized in HyperMesh.

There are many property card images for the Abaqus templates such as SOLIDSECTION, SHELLSECTION, GASKETSECTION, BEAMSECTION, SPRING, JOINT and MASS.

Define an *ELEMENT keyword with an associated sectional property as follows:

1. Create a property collector with a card image and a material collector either from the property collector panel in the toolbar or from the context-sensitive menu in the model browser.

2. If necessary, edit the property’s card image to define data lines and parameters for the sectional property.

3. Reference the property collector to the component collector.

4. Organize elements into the component.

Abaqus Materials

An Abaqus *MATERIAL is a HyperMesh material collector with a card image.

There are four material card images for the HyperMesh Abaqus templates: ABAQUS_MATERIAL, GASKET_MATERIAL (for the Standard templates), CONNECTOR_BEHAVIOR and GENERIC_MATERIAL.

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COMSOLMultiphysics中文简介5.2版（官方免费培训所用教材）

COMSOLMultiphysics简介©1998–2015COMSOL受cn.comsol.com/patents中列出的美国专利和美国专利7,519,518、7,596,474、7,623,991、8,457,932、8,954,302、9,098,106及9,146,652的保护。本文档和本文所述的程序根据COMSOL软件许可协议(cn.comsol.com/comsol-license-agreement)提供，且仅能按照许可协议的条款进行使用和复制。COMSOL、COMSOLMultiphysics、CapturetheConcept、COMSOLDesktop、LiveLink和COMSOLServer为COMSOLAB公司的注册商标或商标。所有其他商标均为其各自所有者的财产，COMSOLAB公司及其子公司和产品不与上述商标所有者相关联，亦不为其正式认可、赞助或支持。相关商标所有者的列表请参见cn.comsol.com/trademarks。版本：COMSOL5.2目录引言.............................................5COMSOLDesktop®..............................6示例1：扳手的结构分析..........................30示例2：母线板—多物理场模型...................53高级主题........................................94参数、函数、变量和耦合........................94材料属性和材料库..............................98增加网格.....................................100增加物理场...................................102参数化扫描...................................124并行计算.....................................133附录A—构建几何..............................137附录B—键盘和鼠标快捷键......................152附录C—语言元素和保留名称....................156附录D—文件格式..............................170附录E—使用LiveLink™插件连接................176引言首次使用COMSOLMultiphysics®软件前，请仔细阅读本书。本书提供了COMSOL®环境的概述，其中附带的示例显示了如何使用COMSOLDesktop®用户界面和模型开发器，并简要介绍了如何使用App开发器来创建多物理场仿真App。如果您尚未安装COMSOL软件，请先按照操作说明进行安装，下载地址：cn.comsol.com/product-download除本书外，您还可以在软件安装完成后获取内容丰富的文档集；此外，COMSOL网站还提供了许多教程供您学习，例如，您可以单击cn.comsol.com/videos访问COMSOL视频集锦页面；还可以单击cn.comsol.com/blogs阅读COMSOL博客。当您首次使用COMSOLMultiphysics中的模型开发器开始建模时，会看到如上页屏幕截图所示的图形化操作界面。COMSOLDesktop®为物理场建模和仿真以及App设计提供了一个完整的集成环境，当您需要为模型创建一个友好的用户界面时，就可在此访问所需的全部工具。您可以根据自己的需要对桌面进行定制。桌面窗口支持调整大小、移动、停靠和分离等操作。当您关闭会话时，COMSOLMultihpysics会自动保存您对窗口布局所做的任何更改，并将在下次启动时再次使用。在构建模型时，将会自动增加一些其他的窗口和控件（参见第24页以获取更完善的桌面示例）。目前可用的窗口和用户界面组件包括：快速访问工具栏快速访问工具栏可供您访问各种功能，例如打开、保存、撤消、重做、复制、粘贴及删除。可以从定制快速访问工具栏列表定制其内容。功能区桌面顶部的功能区可供您访问用于完成大多数建模任务的命令。功能区只能在Windows®系统下的COMSOLDesktop环境中使用，在OSX和Linux®系统中，将表现为菜单和工具栏形式。单击App开发器按钮，可以从模型开发器切换至App开发器，并开始基于您的模型构建App。设定窗口这是用于输入模型的所有规格信息的主窗口，包括几何尺寸、材料属性、边界条件、初始条件以及在运行仿真时求解器需要的其他信息。下图为几何节点对应的设定窗口。绘制窗口绘制窗口是图形输出窗口。除图形窗口外，绘制窗口也可用于对结果进行可视化。您可以使用几个绘制窗口来同时显示多个结果。收敛图窗口是一个特例，它是自动生成的绘制窗口，可显示模型运行时求解过程收敛的图形表示。信息窗口信息窗口是非图形信息的显示窗口，包括：•信息：显示当前COMSOL会话的各种信息。•进度：显示求解器的进度信息，以及停止按钮。•日志：显示来自求解器的信息，例如自由度数、求解时间，以及求解器迭代数据•表格：以表格形式显示结果分支中定义的数值数据。•外部进程：提供集群、云计算和批处理任务的控制面板。其他窗口•增加材料和材料浏览器：访问材料属性库。材料浏览器可供编辑材料属性。•选择列表：显示当前可供选择的几何对象、域、边界、边和点的列表。通过功能区主屏幕选项卡中的窗口下拉列表，可以访问所有COMSOLDesktop窗口。(对于OSX和Linux®系统，可以在窗口菜单中找到它们。）带取消按钮的进度条进度条位于COMSOLDesktop界面的右下角，包含用于取消当前计算（如果有）的按钮。动态帮助帮助窗口提供有关窗口与模型树节点的上下文相关帮助文本。在桌面打开帮助窗口后（例如按下F1键），当您单击某个节点或窗口时，就会自动获得相关的动态帮助文件（目前只有英文）。此外，您还可以在帮助窗口中搜索其他主题，例如菜单项。模型开发器和App开发器COMSOLDesktop环境的两个主要组成部分是模型开发器和App开发器。模型开发器是定义模型及其组件的工具，包括模型的求解方式、结果分析和报告。您可以通过构建模型树来实现这些操作。模型树可反映底层数据结构和模型对象，其中存储的模型状态包括对以下项的设置：几何、网格、物理场、边界条件、研究、求解器、后处理及可视化。App开发器支持您通过易于使用的专业用户界面基于使用模型开发器创建的模型快速创建App。App开发器中提供了两个重要的App创建工具：表单编辑器及方法编辑器。此外，App还可包含菜单栏或功能区。表单编辑器包含的拖放功能可用于轻松访问各类用户界面控件并将其加入App，例如输入框、图形窗口及按钮。方法编辑器是一个编程环境，支持您修改以模型对象数据结构为表征的模型。我们将在《COMSOLMultiphysics简介》一书中向您详细介绍模型开发器的使用，同时还将简要介绍如何使用App开发器。有关如何使用App开发器的详细信息，请参阅《App开发器简介》运行App和COMSOLServerWindows®系统下的COMSOLMultiphysics中内置了App开发器。通过COMSOLMultiphysics许可证，您将能在COMSOLDesktop中运行App；通过COMSOLServer许可证，您将能在各类操作系统及硬件平台的主流网络浏览器中运行App；此外，您还可以通过易于安装的Windows®版COMSOLClient连接COMSOLServer来运行App。Windows®版COMSOLClient还支持用户运行需要CADLiveLink™产品的App。在网络浏览器中运行App时无需进行任何安装，也不需要安装任何浏览器插件。支持一维、二维及三维交互式图形操作。在网络浏览器中，三维图形渲染主要基于主流网络浏览器所采用的WebGL™技术。要基于模型创建App时，可通过访问功能区主屏幕选项卡中的App开发器进行操作。有关创建COMSOLApp的更多信息，请参阅第82页的“使用新建表单向导创建App”以及《App开发器简介》一书。首选项首选项是一些会影响建模环境的设定，大部分设定不会因建模会话发生变化，但有一些则会随模型一起保存。可从文件菜单访问首选项。在首选项窗口中，您可以更改很多设定，例如图形渲染、结果的显示位数、用于计算的最大CPU内核数，或用户自定义App库的路径。请花些时间浏览当前设定，以便快速熟悉各种选项。有三个图形渲染选项可供使用：OpenGL®、DirectX®和软件渲染。DirectX®在OSX或Linux®中不可用，但对于Windows®系统，如果在安装过程中选择了安装DirectX®运行库，则可以使用。如果计算机不具有专用显卡，则可能需要切换至软件渲染，此时仍可使用完整的绘图功能，只是速度较慢。以下链接列出了建议使用的显卡列表：cn.comsol.com/system-requirements创建新模型如下图所示，您可以通过模型向导或空模型来创建一个新模型。通过模型向导创建模型模型向导可指导您设置空间维度、物理场和研究类型，步骤如下：1首先，选择模型组件的空间维度：三维、二维轴对称、二维、一维轴对称或零维。2接下来，添加一个或多个物理场接口。物理场接口根据不同的物理场分支进行组织，以便快速定位。这些分支并不直接与产品相对应。当COMSOLMultiphysics安装中新增产品时，一个或多个物理分支下会自动增加相应的物理场接口。3选择研究类型，即用于计算的求解器或求解器组。最后，单击完成。此时桌面会显示根据模型向导中的设定来配置的模型树。创建空模型单击空模型选项会打开不含任何组件或研究的COMSOLDesktop界面。您可以右键单击模型树，添加含特定空间维度、物理场接口或研究的组件。更多内容见附件免责声明：本页面/内容部分素材来源于互联网公开信息，旨在传递更多信息，不代表本平台立场。版权归原作者或机构所有，如涉及侵权，请通过平台联系我们，我们将在核实后第一时间处理。本平台对转载内容的真实性、准确性不作任何保证，用户需自行判断并承担使用风险。

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