今日更新:Composite Structures 9 篇,Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2 篇,Composites Part B: Engineering 5 篇,Composites Science and Technology 2 篇
Effect of geometry-induced triangular gap and overlap defects on in-situ AFP-manufactured structures
Lukas Raps, Ashley R. Chadwick, Heinz F. Voggenreiter
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119556
几何诱导的三角形间隙和重叠缺陷对原位聚丙烯制造结构的影响
This study investigates realistic triangular gap and overlap defects resulting from complex geometry Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) and their effect on laminate composition and mechanical properties of in-situ AFP-manufactured laminates. Laminates with realistically staggered defects are manufactured using in-situ AFP and compared to hot press re-consolidated reference laminates. Microan alysis reveals defect-induced porosity localized at defect edges (gaps) or outside the defect contour (overlaps), which can be significantly mitigated by subsequent ply orientation. Despite these microstructural variations, the impact on tensile and compressive strength and modulus is minimal, suggesting a sub-critical disruption of the laminate composition from staggered defects. While subtle differences are observed between gap and overlap defects, a larger influence of mechanical performance is given by the manufacturing configuration, with hot pressed specimens exhibiting higher strength and modulus. These findings provide initial evidence suggesting that geometry-related defects can be tolerated in in-situ AFP laminates without substantial performance degradation, informing future process optimization and defect tolerance strategies.
本文研究了复杂几何形状自动铺放纤维(AFP)导致的实际三角形间隙和重叠缺陷,以及它们对原位自动铺放纤维(AFP)制造的层压板的组成和力学性能的影响。使用原位AFP制造具有实际交错缺陷的层压板,并与热压重新巩固的参考层压板进行比较。微观分析显示,缺陷导致的孔隙度局限于缺陷边缘(缺口)或缺陷轮廓外(重叠部分),这可以通过随后的铺层方向显著减轻。尽管存在这些微观结构变化,但对拉伸和抗压强度和模量的影响很小,这表明交错缺陷对层压板成分的亚临界破坏。虽然在间隙缺陷和重叠缺陷之间观察到细微的差异,但制造配置对机械性能的影响更大,热压试样具有更高的强度和模量。这些发现提供了初步证据,表明原位AFP层压板可以容忍与几何相关的缺陷,而不会造成实质性的性能下降,为未来的工艺优化和缺陷容忍策略提供了信息。
A unified finite strain visco-elastic visco-plastic constitutive model for a thermosetting polymer from low to high strain rates: Experiments, Validation and Bayesian optimization
Kailong Xu, Jinzhao Huang, Heng Zhang, Dan Huang, Lulu Liu, Wei Chen, T.E. Tay
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119654
从低应变率到高应变率的热固性聚合物的统一有限应变粘弹性粘塑性本构模型:实验,验证和贝叶斯优化
A thermosetting polymer exhibit phase transitions from low strain rate to high strain rate loading, even at high temperatures. In this work, a unified finite strain visco-elastic visco-plastic (VE-VP) constitutive model considering temperature and strain-rate effects is theoretically developed and numerically implemented in a commercial software by means of a user defined subroutine to characterize observed mechanical response from low to high strain rate, where the phase transition can be characterized by a change in parameter quantities. In order to solve the problem of multi-parameters identification from the VE-VP model (more than 10 parmaters), a multi-stage physical interpretation Bayesian optimization (MSPI-BO) framework has been proposed, accounting for the physical reasonability when calibrating material properties, and then giving the explicit mathematical expressions of the material parameters variation with temperature. The results show the VE-VP constitutive model using the MSPI-BO calibrated material parameters can well illustrate the mechanical response of polymer at different temperatures and strain rates. The proposed MSPI-BO approach in this paper provide a new perspective and inspiration for data-driven computational mechanics.
热固性聚合物表现出从低应变速率到高应变速率加载的相变,即使在高温下也是如此。在这项工作中,考虑温度和应变率影响的统一有限应变粘弹性粘塑性(VE-VP)本构模型在理论上得到了发展,并在商业软件中通过用户定义的子程序进行了数值实现,以表征从低到高应变率的观察到的机械响应,其中相变可以通过参数量的变化来表征。为了解决VE-VP模型(10个以上参数)的多参数辨识问题,在考虑材料性能标定时的物理合理性的基础上,提出了多阶段物理解释贝叶斯优化(MSPI-BO)框架,并给出了材料参数随温度变化的显式数学表达式。结果表明,基于MSPI-BO标定材料参数的VE-VP本构模型能较好地反映聚合物在不同温度和应变速率下的力学响应。本文提出的MSPI-BO方法为数据驱动计算力学提供了新的视角和启示。
Experimental study on the biaxial compressive behaviour of anisotropic Octet lattices caused by fused deposition modelling
Zhengping Sun, Tuan Hua, Junjie Zhang, Yuxuan Zheng, Yingqian Fu
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119665
熔融沉积模型引起各向异性八元晶格双轴压缩特性的实验研究
The fabrication flexibility of increasingly mature additive manufacturing techniques makes it possible to formulate and characterise novel lattice designs for improved energy absorption capabilities. However, the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of most lattices are examined by uniaxial compression tests along their vertical build directions, which cannot approximate the complex loading conditions experienced in practical applications. Therefore, experimental examination on biaxial properties of lattices is essential to facilitate designing novel lattices with preferred performance for real protective applications. Moreover, the angle-dependent strut material properties induced by additive manufacturing result in anisotropic compressive responses for cubic-symmetric strut-based lattices. Thus, loading directions also need to be considered when examining the multiaxial properties of lattices. In this study, a homemade biaxial testing machine equipped with custom fixtures was employed to prescribe uniaxial compression, constrained uniaxial compression with lateral expansion prevented, and biaxial compression to the Octet lattice. Considering the anisotropy of the Octet fabricated via the fused deposition modelling with polylactic acid filaments, seven test scenarios were investigated in this work. Different stress–strain responses and crushing patterns are observed for various loading scenarios, implying the changed responses under complex loading conditions compared to those obtained by traditional uniaxial tests. The experimental works provide insights into designing and optimising lattices applicable to absorbing energy in engineering
日益成熟的增材制造技术的制造灵活性使得有可能制定和表征新的晶格设计,以提高能量吸收能力。然而,大多数晶格的力学性能和能量吸收特性是通过沿其垂直构建方向的单轴压缩试验来检测的,这无法接近实际应用中所经历的复杂载荷条件。因此,对晶格的双轴特性进行实验研究对于设计出具有更好性能的新型晶格具有重要意义。此外,增材制造引起的与角度相关的支撑材料特性导致了三对称支撑基晶格的各向异性压缩响应。因此,在检测晶格的多轴特性时,也需要考虑加载方向。在本研究中,使用国产双轴试验机配备定制夹具,规定单轴压缩,限制单轴压缩,防止横向膨胀,双轴压缩到八元晶格。考虑到聚乳酸长丝熔融沉积模型制备的八极体的各向异性,本文研究了7种测试场景。在不同的加载条件下,观察到不同的应力-应变响应和破碎模式,这意味着在复杂加载条件下的响应与传统单轴试验相比发生了变化。实验工作为设计和优化适用于工程吸收能量的栅格提供了新的思路
Nonlinear mechanical behavior and multi-field coupling characteristics in polymer-based multiferroic composites under combined tension and bending
Jinye Luo, Juanjuan Zhang, Pengcheng Li, Xiaodong Xia, Han Du, George J. Weng
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119653
聚合物基多铁复合材料在拉伸和弯曲联合作用下的非线性力学行为和多场耦合特性
Polymer-based multiferroic composites simultaneously exhibit ferroelasticity, ferroelectricity, and ferromagnetis m, supporting applications in flexible electronics, biomimetics, and biomedicine. Their macroscopic properties are influenced by averaging, synergy, antagonis m, and product interactions. This study investigates these behaviors by incorporating nonlinear hysteresis, interface polarization, and leakage effects, integrating a crystal phase transformation model with two-step homogenization theory. A theoretical framework is developed to a nalyze nonlinear mechanical responses and magnetoelectric (ME) effects under combined tension and bending, based on Kirchhoff thin plate theory and tension-bending control equations. A nalytical expressions are derived for natural frequencies, vibration modes, displacements, and ME coefficients. Results reveal that increasing ferromagnetic particle content enhances ferromagnetis m but causes dielectric relaxation, percolation, and leakage, reducing piezoelectricity. Moderate content promotes β-phase formation, enhancing piezoelectric performance. The composite shows multiple natural frequencies, with resonance at specific ones. The ME properties exhibit hysteresis, significantly amplified under combined deformation. Theoretical predictions of magnetization, polarization, piezoelectric coefficient, leakage current, and ME coefficient closely match experimental results, validating the model’s accuracy and applicability. To address leakage at high particle fractions, two strategies are proposed. Under optimal conditions, the ME coefficient improves by 2.4 times, establishing a solid basis for the design and optimization of polymer-based multiferroic composites.
聚合物基多铁复合材料同时表现出铁弹性、铁电性和铁磁性,支持柔性电子、仿生学和生物医学的应用。它们的宏观性质受平均、协同、拮抗和产物相互作用的影响。本研究结合非线性迟滞、界面极化和泄漏效应,将晶体相变模型与两步均质化理论相结合,研究了这些行为。基于Kirchhoff薄板理论和张力弯曲控制方程,建立了张力弯曲复合作用下的非线性力学响应和磁电效应分析的理论框架。推导了固有频率、振动模态、位移和ME系数的解析表达式。结果表明,铁磁颗粒含量的增加会增强铁磁性,但会导致介电松弛、渗透和泄漏,从而降低压电性。适度含量促进β相形成,提高压电性能。复合材料显示出多个固有频率,并在特定频率处发生共振。ME性能表现出迟滞性,在复合变形下明显放大。理论预测的磁化、极化、压电系数、漏电流和ME系数与实验结果吻合较好,验证了模型的准确性和适用性。为了解决高颗粒分数的泄漏问题,提出了两种策略。在最优条件下,ME系数提高了2.4倍,为聚合物基多铁复合材料的设计与优化奠定了坚实的基础。
Intelligent force sensing separator for integrated lithium-ion battery safety monitoring
Yuewen Wang, Bing Liu, Wenjuan Yang, Haoran Du, Zhenzhen Liu, Xin Liang, Huaxia Deng, Xinglong Gong
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119660
用于锂离子电池安全监测的智能力感分离器
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most promising batteries in energy storage systems. During operation, lithium-ion batteries are influenced by external physical factors, leading to a series of dangerous reactions, such as battery short-circuit and electrolyte leakage, which may result in severe fire and explosion incidents. In our work, a s mart-sensing, multifunctional separator for monitoring internal voltage changes from external pressure fluctuations was developed through the coaxial electrospinning process. The results show that lithium iron phosphate-based LIBs assembled with the prepared separator exhibit excellent electrochemical performances. The coin cells maintain a discharge specific capacity of 160.05 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5C, and the pouch cells deliever around 80 % of their capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5C. Simultaneously, we applied external pressure to the pouch cells through various methods, such as palm slapping, finger tapping, finger rubbing, and rubber hammer strikes, with the oscilloscope recording voltage output signals of 0.56 V, 0.38 V, 0.11 V, and 0.33 V respectively, demonstrating the stability and sensitivity of the PVDF-PVA separator material in sensing functions. The work provides an effective and timely approach for battery safety monitoring, and shows the application potential in the field of energy storage and security, and industrial environment monitoring.
锂离子电池(LIBs)是储能系统中最有前途的电池之一。锂离子电池在工作过程中,受到外界物理因素的影响,会发生电池短路、电解液泄漏等一系列危险反应,严重时可能引发火灾和爆炸事故。在我们的工作中,通过同轴静电纺丝工艺开发了一种用于监测外部压力波动引起的内部电压变化的智能传感多功能分离器。结果表明,用所制备的隔膜组装的磷酸铁锂基锂离子电池具有优异的电化学性能。硬币电池在0.5C下循环200次后保持160.05 mAh g−1的放电比容量,袋状电池在0.5C下循环200次后提供约80% %的容量。同时,我们通过手掌拍打、手指敲打、手指摩擦、橡胶锤敲打等多种方式对袋状电池施加外部压力,示波器分别记录了0.56 V、0.38 V、0.11 V、0.33 V的电压输出信号,验证了PVDF-PVA隔膜材料在传感功能上的稳定性和灵敏度。该工作为电池安全监测提供了一种有效、及时的方法,在储能与安防、工业环境监测等领域显示了应用潜力。
Residual tensile strength in composite laminates: a deep learning approach
Lu Liu, Xing Wang, Junjie Ye, Jinwang Shi, Ziwei Li, Yang Shi, Jianqiao Ye
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119681
复合材料层压板的残余拉伸强度:一种深度学习方法
To effectively predict residual tensile strength (RTS) of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) composite laminates after impact, an integrated framework is proposed. The framework incorporates a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear progressive damage model and a backpropagation deep neural network (DNN) model with three hidden layers. The 3D model is developed to predict RTS and prepare dataset for the training of the DNN model. The model is validated by tensile tests on laminates that were damaged by impacts of various energies levels. The failure modes and the fracture morphology of the laminates are studied by simulation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. Statistical an alysis on the performance of the DNN demonstrates that a trained and constructed neural network can satisfactorily predict RTS of laminates pre-damaged by impacts.
为了有效预测碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)复合材料层合板撞击后的残余拉伸强度(RTS),提出了一种集成框架。该框架结合了三维(3D)非线性渐进损伤模型和具有三个隐藏层的反向传播深度神经网络(DNN)模型。开发3D模型用于预测RTS并为DNN模型的训练准备数据集。通过不同能级冲击损伤层合板的拉伸试验,验证了该模型的有效性。通过模拟和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了层合板的破坏模式和断裂形态。对深度神经网络性能的统计分析表明,经过训练和构建的神经网络能够较好地预测撞击预损伤层合板的RTS。
Computationally efficient modelling of impact and perforation in woven FRP composites
Jakov Ratković, Darko Ivančević
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119683
编织FRP复合材料冲击和穿孔的高效计算模型
In this study, investigation of different strategies to improve the computational efficiency of impact induced progressive damage an alyses in woven fibre reinforced composites is presented. A VUMAT user-defined material model is used in combination with commercial finite element software Abaqus/Explicit for progressive damage modelling of woven carbon fibre reinforced epoxy laminates. Along stress-based failure initiation criteria and energy-driven damage evolution, complete loss of load-bearing capability is captured by effective failure strain-based element removal, thus enabling the accurate assess ment of full perforation energy margin. Verification of the proposed methodologies against experimental results has been performed by employing the selected modelling strategies. The approach has been validated in impact simulations in which steel spherical impactors induce damage in rectangular composite plates made of plain weave woven CFRP with the layup [45, 0, 45, 0, 45]s. The results have shown that careful implementation of simplifications in the model leads to significant improvements in the computational efficiency, while retaining the accuracy level. Namely, an outstanding total time reduction of over 75 % was achieved. Thus, compared to the starting “Full” model, the final, “Hybrid” model is rendered much more suitable for engineering applications in which large structural components are examined.
本文研究了提高编织纤维增强复合材料冲击致渐进损伤分析计算效率的不同策略。VUMAT用户定义的材料模型与商业有限元软件Abaqus/Explicit结合使用,用于编织碳纤维增强环氧层压板的渐进损伤建模。根据基于应力的破坏起始准则和能量驱动的损伤演化,通过有效的基于破坏应变的单元去除,可以捕捉到承载能力的完全丧失,从而能够准确评估全射孔能量裕度。通过采用所选的建模策略,对实验结果进行了所提出的方法的验证。该方法已在冲击模拟中得到验证,在冲击模拟中,钢球冲击器对铺层[45,0,45,0,45]s的CFRP平纹编织矩形复合板造成损伤。结果表明,在保持精度水平的同时,在模型中仔细实施简化可以显著提高计算效率。也就是说,总时间减少了75%以上。因此,与开始的“完整”模型相比,最终的“混合”模型更适合于检查大型结构部件的工程应用。
Characterization of impact damage patterns in composite aerospace structures using augmented thermal signal reconstruction
Mark S meets, F.Lanza di Scalea, Margherita Capriotti
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119651
利用增强热信号重建表征复合材料航天结构的冲击损伤模式
Barely visible impact damage in composite materials threatens the safety and durability of composite structures. Due to its low visibility and complexity, the quantitative characterization of the damage mechanis ms involved is very critical. This is particularly challenging in composite aerospace structures, where multiple components are assembled and concurrent interactive failure mechanis ms due to impact involve different structural elements. In this paper, pulsed infrared thermography was applied on a skin-to-stringer carbon fiber reinforced polymer panel, subjected to impacts. New 2nd time derivative features and a time augmented version of the Thermal Signal Reconstruction (TSR) technique are proposed to characterize realistic matrix cracking and delamination damage, leveraging the cooling dynamics of pulsed thermography. Five unique damage patterns, ranging from 20 mm to 100 mm in length and distributed throughout the panel thickness and components, are identified. Type, size, and depth of the damage patterns are quantified and compared to independently mapped damage. Current destructive and non-destructive techniques have limitations in preserving the damage and specimen states and in providing rapid assess ment, respectively. The proposed experimental method enables to identify post-mortem and characterize the evolution of impact damage mechanis ms non-invasively for the assess ment of impact damage progression in large composite assemblies.
复合材料的冲击损伤对复合材料结构的安全性和耐久性构成威胁。由于其低可见性和复杂性,所涉及的损伤机制的定量表征是非常关键的。这在复合材料航空结构中尤其具有挑战性,因为复合材料航空结构中需要组装多个部件,并且由于冲击而同时发生的交互失效机制涉及不同的结构元件。在本文中,脉冲红外热成像应用于皮肤到弦碳纤维增强聚合物板,受到冲击。利用脉冲热成像的冷却动力学,提出了新的二阶导数特征和时间增强版的热信号重构(TSR)技术来表征真实的基体开裂和分层损伤。确定了五种独特的损伤模式,长度从20 mm到100 mm不等,分布在整个面板厚度和组件中。损伤模式的类型、大小和深度被量化,并与独立绘制的损伤进行比较。目前的破坏性和非破坏性技术分别在保存损伤和标本状态以及提供快速评估方面存在局限性。所提出的实验方法能够非侵入性地识别死后冲击损伤机制的演变特征,用于评估大型复合材料组件的冲击损伤进展。
Impact resistance for ECC-RC bridge columns protected by an innovative steel-GFRP-foam anti-collision device: Experimental, numerical and theoretical an alysis
Yi Cheng, Wenwei Wang, Zhongfeng Zhu, Yifeng Zhong, Yixing Tang
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119667
新型钢- gfrp -泡沫防撞装置保护ec - rc桥柱的抗冲击性:实验、数值和理论分析
Considering satisfying the crashworthy demands for engineered cementitious composite (ECC)-reinforced concrete (RC) columns in bridge protection engineering, an innovative steel-glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)-foam anti-collision device was proposed. Low-velocity collision experiments were taken to clarify the impact resistance for ECC-RC columns with the developed protective structure. Based on a calibrated numerical model, three important parameters were adopted to compare their effects on the specimen impact behaviors. An improved theoretical model considering the ECC fracture failure was derived to predict the initial energy consumption of composite columns with a steel-GFRP-foam device. Test results demonstrated that both the damage mode and collision responses for ECC-RC columns were extremely attenuated through the steel plastic yielding, GFRP buckling deformation and foam compressive-shear failure in this anti-collision device. Meanwhile, the stronger local stiffness of ECC strengthening composites was less conducive to a reasonable crashworthy design compared with the steel-GFRP-foam anti-collision structure. Simulation results indicated that the development of overall impact responses was mainly affected by the ECC-RC interface localization. Ana lytical results illustrated that the modified theoretical model was expected to be applied in the crashworthy design codes for strengthened bridge structures. These works provided some novel research ideas for the bridge anti-collision field.
为满足工程胶凝复合材料(ECC)-钢筋混凝土(RC)柱在桥梁防护工程中的耐撞要求,提出了一种新型的玻璃钢泡沫防撞装置。采用低速碰撞试验研究了混凝土柱的抗冲击性能。在标定数值模型的基础上,采用三个重要参数比较了它们对试件冲击行为的影响。推导了考虑ECC断裂破坏的改进理论模型,用于预测钢- gfrp -泡沫装置组合柱的初始能耗。试验结果表明,该防撞装置通过钢塑屈服、玻璃钢屈曲变形和泡沫压剪破坏,极大地减弱了ECC-RC柱的损伤模式和碰撞响应。同时,与钢- gfrp -泡沫防撞结构相比,ECC增强复合材料的局部刚度较强,不利于合理的耐撞设计。仿真结果表明,整体冲击响应的发展主要受ECC-RC界面局部化的影响。分析结果表明,修正后的理论模型有望应用于加固桥梁结构的抗碰撞设计规范中。这些工作为桥梁防撞领域提供了一些新的研究思路。
Simulation and experimental study of bending mechanical properties and damage evolution of carbon/glass hybrid fiber reinforced titanium alloy laminates at room temperature
Haiying Li, Peng Yang, Shujian Li, Qiang Li, Shi Zou, Weiyin Liang, Tengfei Chang, Jinglong Sun
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109312
碳/玻璃混杂纤维增强钛合金层合板室温弯曲力学性能及损伤演化的模拟与实验研究
This study aims to investigate the flexural mechanical properties and damage evolution behavior of carbon/glass hybrid fiber reinforced titanium alloy laminates (HFTLs) at room temperature through the combination of numerical simulation and experimental research. The three-point bending finite element model of HFTLs with 2/1 structure (the titanium alloys are used as the outer layer and the composite structure is the sandwich layer) is established, and the stress and strain evolution mechanis ms are an alyzed. Combining DIC online monitoring and SEM microscopic detection, the flexural response and failure behavior of HFTLs are discussed. Furthermore, the effect of the carbon/glass hybrid ratio (NCG = 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) on the flexural properties of HFTLs is investigated. The results show that HFTLs exhibit significant stress gradient characteristics under bending loads at room temperature. When the upper titanium alloy layer is subjected to compressive stress, the lower titanium alloy layer mainly bears tensile stress, and the intermediate hybrid fiber layers mainly bear shear stress. Especially, the stress level of the hybrid fiber layers is lower than that of the titanium alloy layers, with an average stress reduction of approximately 76.4 %. By introducing hybrid glass fiber layers, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of HFTLs can be increased by 24.44 % and 12.90 %, respectively. The flexural failure of HFTLs primarily exhibits a mixed failure mode, which is closely related to the carbon/glass hybrid ratio. The failure modes manifest as brittle fracture of CFRP, matrix cracking, and delamination at the Ti/Gf and Gf/Cf interfaces.
本研究旨在通过数值模拟与实验研究相结合的方式,探究室温下碳/玻璃混杂纤维增强钛合金层合板(HFTLs)的弯曲力学性能及损伤演化行为。建立了 2/1 结构(钛合金作为外层,复合材料作为夹层)的 HFTLs 三点弯曲有限元模型,并对其应力应变演化机制进行了分析。结合数字图像相关技术(DIC)在线监测和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)微观检测,探讨了 HFTLs 的弯曲响应和失效行为。此外,还研究了碳/玻璃混杂比例(NCG = 0%、25%、50%、75% 和 100%)对 HFTLs 弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,HFTLs 在室温弯曲载荷作用下表现出明显的应力梯度特征。当上层钛合金层承受压应力时,下层钛合金层主要承受拉应力,中间混杂纤维层主要承受剪应力。尤其值得注意的是,混合纤维层的应力水平低于钛合金层,平均应力降低约 76.4%。通过引入混合玻璃纤维层,HFTLs 的弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了 24.44% 和 12.90%。HFTLs 的弯曲破坏主要表现为混合破坏模式,这与碳/玻璃混合比例密切相关。破坏模式表现为碳纤维增强复合材料的脆性断裂、基体开裂以及在钛/玻璃纤维和玻璃纤维/碳纤维界面处的分层。
Rate-dependent 3D forming simulation of thermoplastic composite materials using visco-hyperelastic material modeling and 3D hexahedral solid-shell elements
Johannes Mitsch, Bastian Schäfer, Luise Kärger
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109306
热塑性复合材料的速率相关三维成形模拟使用粘超弹性材料建模和三维六面体固体壳单元
The Finite Element Method is a widely applied approach for predicting manufacturing effects in the thermoforming process of fiber-reinforced composite materials. The majority of macroscopic simulation approaches are based on shell elements with two-dimensional (2D) stress states and provide efficient predictions of the forming process of composite materials. However, they lack the ability to capture through-thickness behavior due to their dimensional limitations. The present study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) solid-shell element formulation that incorporates rate-dependent material modeling thus enabling the simulation of the thermoforming process of thermoplastic composites. The solid-shell element formulation provides a locking-free formulation, an hourglass stabilization technique to prevent zero-energy modes, a reduced integration scheme, and the consideration of a rate-dependent material behavior. An an alysis of the correspondence between the material parameters of the 3D solid-shell element and an experimentally validated 2D approach indicates that the 2D approach can effectively be employed to characterize in-plane and bending material parameters for the 3D solid-shell element formulation, streamlining and accelerating its material parameter identification process. The parameterization of the nonlinear compaction behavior of the solid-shell element exhibits a strong correlation with experimental results from existing literature. Finally, the solid-shell element is utilized to simulate the thermoforming process of a thermoplastic tape, yielding results that closely match those obtained from a 2D approach. The predicted thickness distribution, determined by the new 3D solid-shell, agrees well with the expected results, confirming the validity and practical potential of the proposed approach.
有限元法是一种广泛应用于纤维增强复合材料热成形过程制造效果预测的方法。大多数宏观模拟方法都是基于具有二维应力状态的壳单元,并提供复合材料成形过程的有效预测。然而,由于它们的尺寸限制,它们缺乏捕捉穿透厚度行为的能力。本研究提出了一种三维(3D)固体壳单元公式,该公式结合了速率相关的材料建模,从而能够模拟热塑性复合材料的热成型过程。固体壳单元配方提供了一种无锁定配方,一种沙漏稳定技术,以防止零能量模式,一种简化的集成方案,并考虑了速率相关的材料行为。分析了三维实体壳单元材料参数与实验验证的二维方法之间的对应关系,表明二维方法可以有效地表征三维实体壳单元的面内和弯曲材料参数,简化和加快了实体壳单元材料参数的识别过程。实壳单元非线性压实行为的参数化与已有文献的实验结果有较强的相关性。最后,利用固体壳单元来模拟热塑性胶带的热成型过程,得到的结果与从二维方法获得的结果非常吻合。由三维固体壳确定的厚度预测分布与预期结果吻合较好,证实了该方法的有效性和应用潜力。
Automated classification of subsurface impact damage in thermoplastic composites using depth-resolved terahertz imaging and deep learning
Dicky J. Silitonga, Pascal Pomarède, Niyem M. Bawana, Haolian Shi, Nico F. Declercq, D.S. Citrin, Fodil Meraghni, Alexandre Locquet
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113033
利用深度分辨太赫兹成像和深度学习对热塑性复合材料的地下冲击损伤进行自动分类
Reliable detection of barely visible impact damage is critical to ensure the structural integrity of composite components in service, particularly in safety-critical applications such as pressure vessels and transportation systems. This study presents a solution for detecting such damage in woven glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites using terahertz (THz) time-of-flight tomography and convolutional neural networks. THz provides non-contact, non-ionizing, high-axial-resolution imaging of subsurface and back-surface damage, addressing key limitations of surface-based inspection methods. While THz imaging alone may not always permit conclusive damage identification, we bridge this gap by training neural network classifiers on depth-resolved THz B-scan images using ground truth from co-located X-ray micro-computed tomography. Among several pretrained architectures tested via transfer learning, DenseNet-121 exhibits the highest accuracy. The model remains robust even when trained on truncated B-scans excluding surface indentation features, confirming its ability to detect structural anomalies located internally or on the back surface. This is particularly relevant for applications where back-side access is not feasible. Experimental validation is performed on impacted glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic coupons prepared in accordance with ASTM D7136, with damage severity quantified through force–displacement data and micro-tomographic an alysis. Labeling for supervised learning conforms to acceptance criteria from industrial standards for composite pressure vessels (AS ME BPVC Section X, CGA C-6.2), ensuring regulatory alignment and enabling deployment in quality control workflows. The proposed method minimizes the need for expert interpretation or secondary validation and offers direct applicability to in-service inspection and manufacturing quality control.
可靠地检测几乎看不见的冲击损伤对于确保复合材料部件的结构完整性至关重要,特别是在压力容器和运输系统等安全关键应用中。本研究提出了一种利用太赫兹(THz)飞行时间断层扫描和卷积神经网络检测编织玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料中这种损伤的解决方案。太赫兹提供了非接触、非电离、高轴向分辨率的地下和后表面损伤成像,解决了基于表面的检测方法的关键局限性。虽然单独太赫兹成像可能并不总是允许结论性的损伤识别,但我们通过使用来自同一位置的x射线微计算机断层扫描的地面真相,在深度分辨太赫兹b扫描图像上训练神经网络分类器,从而弥补了这一差距。在几个通过迁移学习测试的预训练架构中,DenseNet-121显示出最高的准确性。即使在剔除表面压痕特征的截短b扫描上进行训练,该模型也保持了鲁棒性,证实了其检测内部或背面结构异常的能力。这对于不能进行背面访问的应用程序尤其重要。根据ASTM D7136制备的冲击玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料薄片进行实验验证,通过力-位移数据和微观层析分析量化损伤严重程度。监督学习的标签符合复合压力容器工业标准(AS ME BPVC Section X, CGA C-6.2)的验收标准,确保了法规的一致性,并能够在质量控制工作流程中部署。所提出的方法最大限度地减少了对专家解释或二次验证的需要,并提供了在役检验和制造质量控制的直接适用性。
Engineering of electrospun lead-free PVDF/Carbon Nanofiber-ZnO nanocomposites for enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting and wearable sensing applications
Divya Chauhan, Arpit Kumar Singh, Sabatini Tyagi, Palani Iyamperumal Anand, Seeram Ramakrishna, Manish Kumar Srivastava
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113039
电纺无铅PVDF/碳纳米纤维- zno纳米复合材料增强压电能量收集和可穿戴传感应用的工程研究
Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a promising lead-free piezoelectric polymer; however, its low β-phase fraction and limited charge transport hinder device performance. Here, we report a dual-filler strategy that synergistically integrates surface-functionalized carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods into electrospun PVDF fibers to simultaneously enhance β-phase nucleation, dipole alignment, and charge mobility. CNFs, at an optimized loading of 0.1 wt%, form conductive stress-transfer networks, while ZnO nanorods (1.5 wt%) with polar wurtzite facets act as efficient nucleating agents, promoting α→β phase transformation through localized electrostatic fields. Systematic variation of filler concentrations revealed that the 0.1% CNF + 1.5% ZnO composition achieved the highest β-phase content (85.6%) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 36 pC/N), yielding an open-circuit voltage of 80 V and power density of 20 mW/cm3 under periodic tapping. The composite nanogenerator demonstrated stable, high-sensitivity performance in wearable sensing applications, including human joint motion monitoring. This work addresses the longstanding challenge of balancing mechanical flexibility with high piezoelectric activity in PVDF-based nanogenerators and establishes a scalable, lead-free approach for high-performance energy harvesting and self-powered sensing devices.
聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)是一种很有前途的无铅压电聚合物;然而,它的低β相分数和有限的电荷输运阻碍了器件的性能。在这里,我们报道了一种双填料策略,将表面功能化的碳纳米纤维(CNFs)和氧化锌(ZnO)纳米棒协同集成到静电纺PVDF纤维中,同时增强β相成核、偶极子排列和电荷迁移率。在0.1 wt%的优化负载下,CNFs形成了导电的应力传递网络,而具有极性纤锌矿面的ZnO纳米棒(1.5 wt%)作为有效的成核剂,通过局部静电场促进α→β相变。填料浓度的系统变化表明,0.1% CNF + 1.5% ZnO组成在周期性分接下,β相含量最高(85.6%),压电系数最高(d33 = 36 pC/N),开路电压为80 V,功率密度为20 mW/cm3。复合纳米发电机在可穿戴传感应用中表现出稳定、高灵敏度的性能,包括人体关节运动监测。这项工作解决了在pvdf纳米发电机中平衡机械灵活性和高压电活性的长期挑战,并为高性能能量收集和自供电传感装置建立了一种可扩展的无铅方法。
Micromechanical modelling of unidirectional continuous fibre-reinforced composites: A review
Yongfeng Ding, P.P. Camanho, Arlindo Silva
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113036
单向连续纤维增强复合材料微观力学建模研究进展
The microscopic mechanical response of composites can provide direct and critical insights for meso- and macro- scale material an alyses, and the representative volume element microstructural model is an effective computational medium to virtually characterize and describe the microscale behaviour of the material. This paper presents a comprehensive review of micro-scale mathematical characterizations and demonstrations of unidirectional continuous fibre-reinforced composites. The representative volume element, including its definition and homogenization, is examined in detail. Geometric parameters of the virtual microstructure are a nalyzed, and the microstructure generation algorithms are systematically classified into six categories. Statistical methodologies are introduced to assess the spatial distribution of fibres in the microstructure and explore the structure–property relationships between graphical descriptors and mechanical responses. In addition, defects in the representative volume element microstructure are presented in detail, along with their statistical evaluation methods from different perspectives. A critical discussion of the advantages, differences and limitations of each method (or model) is also provided.
复合材料的微观力学响应可以为材料的中观和宏观分析提供直接和关键的见解,而具有代表性的体积元微观结构模型是一种有效的计算媒介,可以虚拟地表征和描述材料的微观行为。本文综述了单向连续纤维增强复合材料的微尺度数学表征和论证。详细讨论了代表性体积元的定义和均质化问题。分析了虚拟微结构的几何参数,系统地将微结构生成算法分为6类。引入统计方法来评估纤维在微观结构中的空间分布,并探索图形描述符和机械响应之间的结构-性能关系。此外,还详细介绍了具有代表性的体元微观结构中的缺陷,并从不同角度给出了缺陷的统计评价方法。对每种方法(或模型)的优点、差异和局限性进行了批判性的讨论。
Ultra-Linear Flexible Pressure Sensors via Skin-Inspired Gradient Engineering
Xin Gou, Changrong Liao, Yong Zhang, Pei Li, Shipan Lang, Chao Zhang, Shengkai Hu, Ning Yu, Chunbao Li, Jun Yang
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113043
基于皮肤启发梯度工程的超线性柔性压力传感器
Flexible pressure sensors face an irreconcilable trade-off among linearity, sensitivity, and signal stability due to viscoelastic creep. Inspired by the gradient modulus characteristics of human skin, this study employs electrospinning to construct a heterogeneous structure composed of a high-modulus nanofiber network embedded in a low-modulus ionic gel. This structure mimics epidermal rigidity (high-modulus nanofiber layer), dermal viscoelasticity (fiber-gel hybrid), and hypodermal compliance (soft ionic matrix) to synergistically redistribute stress and suppress ion migration. The sensor achieves breakthrough performance: a wide linear range (1 MPa) with near-perfect linearity (R2 = 0.999) and ultrahigh sensitivity (81.3 kPa-1), yielding a record linear sensing factor (LSF, 81,300). Simultaneously, it exhibits ultralow creep (1.76% signal drift under sustained loading)—96.8% lower than non-structured iongels—enabled by nanofiber-restricted ion pathways. Theoretical modeling reveals a dynamic compensation mechanis m where pressure-induced changes in dielectric properties, contact area expansion, and electric double-layer thinning interact linearly. Laboratory validation demonstrates high-fidelity plantar pressure monitoring during gait cycles and machine learning-based prediction of vertical ground reaction forces with exceptional accuracy (R2 > 0.95). This work establishes a new design paradigm for high-precision flexible sensing by fundamentally resolving long-standing material limitations.
由于粘弹性蠕变,柔性压力传感器在线性度、灵敏度和信号稳定性之间面临着不可调和的权衡。受人体皮肤梯度模量特性的启发,本研究采用静电纺丝技术构建了嵌入在低模量离子凝胶中的高模量纳米纤维网络组成的非均相结构。这种结构模仿表皮刚性(高模量纳米纤维层)、真皮粘弹性(纤维-凝胶杂交)和皮下顺应性(软离子基质),协同重新分配应力并抑制离子迁移。该传感器实现了突破性的性能:宽线性范围(1 MPa),近乎完美的线性度(R2 = 0.999)和超高灵敏度(81.3 kPa-1),产生创纪录的线性感测因子(LSF, 81,300)。同时,它表现出超低蠕变(在持续载荷下的信号漂移为1.76%),比纳米纤维限制离子通路的非结构化离子低96.8%。理论模型揭示了一种动态补偿机制,其中压力引起的介电性能变化,接触面积膨胀和电双层减薄线性相互作用。实验室验证证明了步态周期中高保真的足底压力监测和基于机器学习的垂直地面反作用力预测具有极高的准确性(R2 > 0.95)。这项工作从根本上解决了长期存在的材料限制,为高精度柔性传感建立了一个新的设计范式。
Efficient Modulation of Vanadium Spin State via Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Functionalization for Enhanced Zinc Ion Storage
Zhen Tian, Zhichao Zheng, Huijun Li, Yang Yang, Yanjun Chen, Yanzhong Wang, Rui Zhou, Zhenxin Zhao, Li Guo, Xiaomin Wang
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113044
通过聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)功能化有效调制钒自旋态以增强锌离子储存
Layered VOPO4·2H2O (VOP) cathodes exhibit promising advantages for aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) but hindered by inferior structural stability and poor bulk conductivity. Herein, a PEDOT-VOPO4·2H2O (PEDOT-VOP) cathode has been developed, achieving an enlarged interlayer spacing of 9.7 Å (compared to 7.4 Å for single VOP) through effective polymer intercalation. The π-conjugated chain of PEDOT forms a delocalized hybrid state with the orbitals of vanadium, introducing asymmetrical spin polarization and thereby enhancing the intrinsic electronic conductivity of VOP. Furthermore, the PEDOT insertion modifies the local crystal field symmetry of VOP, resulting in the reorganization of orbital splitting energy levels. This significantly modifies the bond strength between V and O by altering the original [VO6] octahedral structure into a distorted VO5 pyramidal structure, which in turn enhances structural stability. Consequently, the PEDOT-VOP cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 512.7 mAh g−1 at a wide potential window of 1.5 V in aqueous electrolyte under a current density of 1 A g−1. In-situ Raman and XRD ana lysis confirm the excellent reversibility and long-term stability of the cathode, with 88 % of its initial capacity retained over 10,000 cycles. This study provides profound insights into the development of high-voltage, stable, and high-capacity cathode materials for ZICs by modulating the electronic structure through enhanced spin polarization of d-orbitals.
层状voo4·2H2O (VOP)阴极在水性锌离子电容器(ZICs)中表现出良好的优势,但由于结构稳定性差和体电导率差而受到阻碍。本文开发了一种pedot - voo4·2H2O (PEDOT-VOP)阴极,通过有效的聚合物插层,实现了9.7 Å的层间距扩大(相比之下,单个VOP为7.4 Å)。PEDOT π共轭链与钒的轨道形成离域杂化态,引入不对称自旋极化,从而提高了VOP的本征电子导电性。此外,PEDOT的插入改变了VOP的局部晶体场对称性,导致轨道分裂能级的重组。这将原来的[VO6]八面体结构改变为扭曲的VO5锥体结构,从而显著改变了V和O之间的键合强度,从而提高了结构的稳定性。因此,在1 a g−1电流密度下,PEDOT-VOP阴极在1.5 V宽电位窗口下的比容量为512.7 mAh g−1。原位拉曼和XRD分析证实了阴极优异的可逆性和长期稳定性,在10,000次循环后其初始容量保留了88%。本研究通过增强d轨道的自旋极化来调制电子结构,为开发高电压、稳定、高容量的ZICs正极材料提供了深刻的见解。
Composite structures spring back, modeling and sensitivity an alysis
Quentin Maréchal, Mohamed Ichchou, Bruno Berthel, Michelle Salvia, Pascal Fossat, Olivier Bareille, Mohamed Chabchoub
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111371
复合材料结构回弹、建模及灵敏度分析
This paper deals with the modeling and sensitivity an alysis of spring back for composite made structures. Spring back is a well-known phenomenon connected to the manufacturing of composite parts. It is a multi-physical process involving chemical, thermal, and mechanical issues. The prediction of the spring back is necessary in order to improve the quality of the production while respecting the manufacturing rules and tolerances. This paper specifically addresses a very important question. Indeed when the spring back is connected to a great number of parameters that need to be characterised accordingly, not all of them are of relevance for the prediction. The paper implements a sensitivity ana lysis process leading to a hierarchy of the needed parameters. Specifically for the composite tested in this paper, it is shown that the cure shrinkage coefficients are the most important parameters that need to be characterised precisely. This conclusion could help make relevant experimental characterisation for the final target which is the relevant prediction of the spring back.
本文研究了复合材料结构回弹的建模和灵敏度分析。回弹是复合材料零件制造过程中常见的现象。它是一个涉及化学、热和机械问题的多物理过程。为了在遵守制造规则和公差的前提下提高产品质量,回弹预测是必要的。这篇论文专门讨论了一个非常重要的问题。事实上,当回弹与大量需要相应表征的参数相连接时,并非所有参数都与预测相关。本文实现了一个敏感性分析过程,从而得到所需参数的层次结构。具体到本文所测试的复合材料,表明固化收缩系数是最重要的参数,需要精确表征。这一结论有助于对最终目标进行相关的实验表征,即对回弹的相关预测。
Necklace-Structured FeCoNi@N-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofibers with Strong Magnetic Coupling for High-Performance Microwave Absorption
Shuai Liu, Qunfu Fan, Sijia Li, Yicang Huang, Yujie Chen, Hezhou Liu
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111389
项链结构FeCoNi@N-Doped多孔碳纳米纤维强磁耦合高性能微波吸收
One-dimensional (1D) carbon-based magnetic fibers, characterized by rational multicomponent regulation and refined microstructure design, have emerged as promising candidates for high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, conventional 1D absorbers often suffer from densely aggregated and randomly oriented magnetic nanoparticles embedded in carbon matrices, which severely restricts magnetic coupling and consequently compromises magnetic loss capabilities. In this study, 1D necklace-structured nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers embedded with FeCoNi nanoparticles (FeCoNi@NPCNFs) were successfully fabricated through a synergistic combination of hydrothermal synthesis, coaxial electrospinning, and controlled carbonization. By precisely regulating the spatial arrangement of magnetic nanoparticles, we achieved uniform dispersion and enhanced interparticle magnetic interactions within the NPCNFs, resulting in stronger magnetic anisotropy and elevated saturation magnetization. Impressively, the well-designed necklace-like FeCoNi@NPCNFs demonstrated a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -52.36 dB at an ultrathin thickness of 1.46 mm, accompanied by a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.52 GHz (11.70–17.22 GHz) measured at 1.66 mm, which significantly outperformed single-component FeCoNi@CNFs (RLmin = -17.08 dB, EAB = 4.75 GHz). Such excellent EMW absorption performance can be attributed to the multiple magnetic coupling networks, as well as the multiple interface polarization among the biphasic FeCoNi alloys, N-doped carbon species, and the core-shell porous structure. This work proposes a groundbreaking design strategy for high-efficiency, ultra-thin magnetic fibrous EMW absorbers.
一维(1D)碳基磁性纤维具有合理的多组分调节和精细的微观结构设计,是高性能电磁波(EMW)吸收的有希望的候选者。然而,传统的一维吸收体经常受到密集聚集和随机取向的磁性纳米颗粒嵌入碳基体的影响,这严重限制了磁耦合,从而影响了磁损耗能力。在本研究中,通过水热合成、同轴静电纺丝和可控碳化的协同作用,成功制备了嵌入FeCoNi纳米颗粒(FeCoNi@NPCNFs)的一维项链状氮掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维。通过精确调节磁性纳米颗粒的空间排列,我们实现了NPCNFs内均匀分散和增强粒子间磁相互作用,从而增强了磁性各向异性和提高了饱和磁化强度。令人惊讶的是,设计良好的项链状FeCoNi@NPCNFs在超薄厚度为1.46 mm时的最小反射损耗(RLmin)为-52.36 dB,同时在1.66 mm处测量的有效吸收带宽(EAB)为5.52 GHz (11.70-17.22 GHz),显著优于单分量FeCoNi@CNFs (RLmin = -17.08 dB, EAB = 4.75 GHz)。这种优异的EMW吸收性能可归因于双相FeCoNi合金的多重磁耦合网络、双相FeCoNi合金之间的多重界面极化、n掺杂碳种以及核壳多孔结构。这项工作提出了一种突破性的设计策略,用于高效率,超薄磁性纤维EMW吸收器。