在做分子动力学模拟的时候,对于元素周期表靠后的一些原子,GROMACS和大部分生成ITP文件的软件或方法均不能支持。需要用户手动去设置一些参数,其中最重要的是原子的LJ参数,即:sigma和epsilon。下表列出了元素周期表上大部分原子的LJ参数,以方便大家查阅:
注意:cutoff和sigma的单位是:Angstroms,epsilon的单位是Electron Volts,需要自行换算为GROMACS的单位制。
#Species_i # Species_j # cutoff # epsilon # sigmaH H 2.2094300 4.4778900 0.5523570He He 1.9956100 0.0009421 0.4989030Li Li 9.1228000 1.0496900 2.2807000Be Be 6.8421000 0.5729420 1.7105300B B 6.0581100 2.9670300 1.5145300C C 5.4166600 6.3695300 1.3541700N N 5.0603000 9.7537900 1.2650800O O 4.7039500 5.1264700 1.1759900F F 4.0625000 1.6059200 1.0156200Ne Ne 4.1337700 0.0036471 1.0334400Na Na 11.8311000 0.7367450 2.9577800Mg Mg 10.0493000 0.0785788 2.5123300Al Al 8.6239000 2.7006700 2.1559700Si Si 7.9111800 3.1743100 1.9778000P P 7.6260900 5.0305000 1.9065200S S 7.4835500 4.3692700 1.8708900Cl Cl 7.2697300 4.4832800 1.8174300Ar Ar 7.5548200 0.0123529 1.8887100K K 14.4682000 0.5517990 3.6170500Ca Ca 12.5439000 0.1326790 3.1359600Sc Sc 12.1162000 1.6508000 3.0290600Ti Ti 11.4035000 1.1802700 2.8508800V V 10.9046000 2.7524900 2.7261500Cr Cr 9.9067900 1.5367900 2.4767000Mn Mn 9.9067900 0.5998880 2.4767000Fe Fe 9.4078900 1.1844200 2.3519700Co Co 8.9802600 1.2776900 2.2450600Ni Ni 8.8377200 2.0757200 2.2094300Cu Cu 9.4078900 2.0446300 2.3519700Zn Zn 8.6951700 0.1915460 2.1737900Ga Ga 8.6951700 1.0642000 2.1737900Ge Ge 8.5526300 2.7017100 2.1381600As As 8.4813600 3.9599000 2.1203400Se Se 8.5526300 3.3867700 2.1381600Br Br 8.5526300 1.9706300 2.1381600Kr Kr 8.2675400 0.0173276 2.0668900Rb Rb 15.6798000 0.4682650 3.9199500Sr Sr 13.8980000 0.1339230 3.4745100Y Y 13.5417000 2.7597500 3.3854200Zr Zr 12.4726000 3.0520100 3.1181500Nb Nb 11.6886000 5.2782000 2.9221500Mo Mo 10.9759000 4.4749900 2.7439700Tc Tc 10.4770000 3.3815900 2.6192400Ru Ru 10.4057000 1.9617200 2.6014200Rh Rh 10.1206000 2.4058200 2.5301500Pd Pd 9.9067900 1.3709700 2.4767000Ag Ag 10.3344000 1.6497600 2.5836100Cd Cd 10.2632000 0.0377447 2.5657900In In 10.1206000 0.8113140 2.5301500Sn Sn 9.9067900 1.9005700 2.4767000Sb Sb 9.9067900 3.0882800 2.4767000Te Te 9.8355200 2.6312300 2.4588800I I 9.9067900 1.5393800 2.4767000Xe Xe 9.9780700 0.0238880 2.4945200Cs Cs 17.3903000 0.4166420 4.3475900Ba Ba 15.3235000 1.9000000 3.8308600La La 14.7533000 2.4996100 3.6883200Ce Ce 14.5395000 2.5700800 3.6348700Pr Pr 14.4682000 1.2994600 3.6170500Nd Nd 14.3257000 0.8196050 3.5814100Pm Pm 14.1831000 3.2413400 3.5457800Sm Sm 14.1118000 0.5211220 3.5279600Eu Eu 14.1118000 0.4299180 3.5279600Gd Gd 13.9693000 2.0995600 3.4923200Tb Tb 13.8267000 1.3999900 3.4566900Dy Dy 13.6842000 0.6900550 3.4210500Ho Ho 13.6842000 0.6900550 3.4210500Er Er 13.4704000 0.7387660 3.3676000Tm Tm 13.5417000 0.5211220 3.3854200Yb Yb 13.3278000 0.1303990 3.3319600Lu Lu 13.3278000 1.4331500 3.3319600Hf Hf 12.4726000 3.3608600 3.1181500Ta Ta 12.1162000 4.0034300 3.0290600W W 11.5460000 6.8638900 2.8865100Re Re 10.7621000 4.4387100 2.6905100Os Os 10.2632000 4.2625300 2.5657900Ir Ir 10.0493000 3.7028700 2.5123300Pt Pt 9.6929800 3.1401000 2.4232400Au Au 9.6929800 2.3058000 2.4232400Hg Hg 9.4078900 0.0454140 2.3519700Tl Tl 10.3344000 0.5770870 2.5836100Pb Pb 10.4057000 0.8589880 2.6014200Bi Bi 10.5482000 2.0798700 2.6370600Po Po 9.9780700 1.8995300 2.4945200At At 10.6908000 1.3854420 2.6727000Rn Rn 10.6908000 0.0214992 2.6727000Fr Fr 18.5307000 0.3749778 4.6326700Ra Ra 15.7511000 1.7100000 3.9377700Ac Ac 15.3235000 2.2496490 3.8308600Th Th 14.6820000 2.3130720 3.6705000Pa Pa 14.2544000 1.1695140 3.5635900U U 13.9693000 0.7376445 3.4923200Np Np 13.5417000 2.9172060 3.3854200Pu Pu 13.3278000 0.4690098 3.3319600Am Am 12.8289000 0.3869262 3.2072400Cm Cm 12.0450000 1.8896040 3.0112400Bk Bk 11.9737000 1.2599910 2.9934200Cf Cf 11.9737000 0.6210495 2.9934200Es Es 11.7599000 0.6210495 2.9399700Fm Fm 11.9024000 0.6648894 2.9756000Md Md 12.3300000 0.4690098 3.0825100No No 12.5439000 0.1173591 3.1359600Lr Lr 11.4748000 1.2898350 2.8686900Rf Rf 11.1897000 3.0247740 2.7974200Db Db 10.6195000 3.6030870 2.6548800Sg Sg 10.1919000 6.1775010 2.5479700Bh Bh 10.0493000 3.9948390 2.5123300Hs Hs 9.5504300 3.8362770 2.3876100Mt Mt 9.1940700 3.3325830 2.2985200Ds Ds 9.1228000 2.8260900 2.2807000Rg Rg 8.6239000 2.0752200 2.1559700Cn Cn 8.6951700 0.0408726 2.1737900Nh Nh 9.6929800 0.5193783 2.4232400Fl Fl 10.1919000 0.7730892 2.5479700Mc Mc 11.5460000 1.8718830 2.8865100Lv Lv 12.4726000 1.7095770 3.1181500Ts Ts 11.7599000 1.2468978 2.9399700Og Og 11.1897000 0.0193493 2.7974200
如果使用了上述的参数,需引用下面的参考文献:
Elliott RS. Efficient ’universal’ shifted Lennard-Jones model for all KIM API supported species developed by Elliott and Akerson (2015) v003. OpenKIM; 2018