【新文速递】2025年10月12日固体力学SCI期刊最新文章

 

今日更新：Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2 篇，Mechanics of Materials 1 篇，International Journal of Plasticity 3 篇，Thin-Walled Structures 12 篇

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Beyond First-Cycle Damage: Mechanistic Drivers of Fatigue Crack Nucleation in Single Crystals

Zixu Guo, Xiaochong Lu, Guochen Peng, Daijun Hu, Dawei Huang, Xiaojun Yan, Fionn P.E. Dunne, Huajian Gao, Yong-Wei Zhang, Wentao Yan, Yilun Xu

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106393

超越第一循环损伤：单晶疲劳裂纹形核的机制驱动

The mechanistic driver for fatigue crack nucleation in metals has remained controversial for decades. To address this, an in-situ digital image correlation technique combined with multi-scale modeling approaches is employed to assess the predictive capabilities of various fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) for the microcrack nucleation in single crystals. While conventional stress- and strain-based FIPs show limited correlations with observed fatigue cracking sites, energy-based metrics, particularly dissipative energy density (DED) and stored energy density (SED), exhibit significant spatial alignment with nucleation locations. Compared with DED, SED is a more indicative and unambiguous indicator, owing to the incorporation of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). We experimentally reveal a previously unrecognized cyclic-loading effect in low-cycle fatigue: competing strain growth across slip traces generates additional troughs in GND density and corresponding SED peaks, whereas this cyclic-loading effect is absent in high-cycle fatigue. By elucidating the critical role of GND-mediated damage localization, this work advances microstructure-sensitive fatigue damage prediction and provides a physics-based framework for more reliable fatigue life assess ment in metallic systems.

金属疲劳裂纹成核的机制驱动几十年来一直存在争议。为了解决这一问题，采用原位数字图像相关技术结合多尺度建模方法，评估了各种疲劳指示参数（FIPs）对单晶微裂纹形核的预测能力。传统的基于应力和应变的FIPs与观察到的疲劳开裂位置的相关性有限，而基于能量的指标，特别是耗散能量密度（DED）和存储能量密度（SED），与成核位置表现出显著的空间一致性。与DED相比，SED是一个更具指示性和明确性的指标，因为它包含了几何上必要的位错（GNDs）。我们通过实验揭示了低周疲劳中以前未被认识到的循环加载效应：滑移轨迹上的竞争应变增长在GND密度和相应的SED峰值中产生额外的波谷，而这种循环加载效应在高周疲劳中不存在。通过阐明gnd介导的损伤定位的关键作用，本研究推进了微结构敏感的疲劳损伤预测，并为金属系统中更可靠的疲劳寿命评估提供了一个基于物理的框架。

Contact area shrinkage and increase in wavy frictional sliding contacts

Marco Ceglie, Guido Violano, Luigi Portaluri, Luciana Algieri, Luciano Afferrante, Michele Scaraggi, Nicola Menga

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106389

接触面积缩小，波浪型摩擦滑动接触增加

The effect of material and geometric nonlinearity is often underestimated in contact mechanics. However, recent experiments reveal that classical linear models might fail to accurately predict key contact features, such as the contact area, in scenarios involving frictional sliding. In this study, we employ accurate yet simple plane-strain finite element simulations to investigate frictional sliding contact under finite elasticity. We consider both rigid and deformable sinusoidal indenters pressed against a flat substrate, exploring both periodic and aperiodic boundary conditions. Our results show that the transition of the contact area from the static conditions to the gross sliding is qualitatively governed by the pressure value. Indeed, at low pressure contact shrinkage is observed, in agreement with most experimental observations led under qualitatively similar pressure levels. Importantly, we also found a pressure threshold above which the sliding contact area can exceed the static one, especially for deformable sinusoids with high aspect ratio. To validate our numerical results, we perform ad hoc experiments with micro-fabricated soft sinusoids in either static or sliding contact against a microscope slide, which confirm the trend. Moreover, we also investigate the role of periodic boundary conditions, showing that this is not a key factor and aperiodic contacts behave almost the same. These novel findings provide deeper insights into rubber nonlinear contact mechanics at the sinusoid scale, which constitutes the building block of rough contact mechanics, showing that contact area increase is also possible without adhesion, with direct implications for real tribological systems such as tire-road and seal interactions, soft robotics locomotion, and biomechanics.

在接触力学中，材料非线性和几何非线性的作用往往被低估。然而，最近的实验表明，在涉及摩擦滑动的情况下，经典的线性模型可能无法准确预测关键的接触特征，如接触面积。在这项研究中，我们采用精确而简单的平面应变有限元模拟来研究有限弹性下的摩擦滑动接触。我们考虑刚性和可变形的正弦压头压在平面基底上，探索周期和非周期边界条件。结果表明，接触面积从静态状态向总滑动状态的转变是由压力值定性地决定的。事实上，在低压下可以观察到接触收缩，这与大多数在类似压力水平下的实验观察结果一致。重要的是，我们还发现了一个压力阈值，超过该阈值，滑动接触面积可以超过静态接触面积，特别是对于具有高纵横比的可变形正弦波。为了验证我们的数值结果，我们在与显微镜载玻片的静态或滑动接触中进行了微制造软正弦的特别实验，证实了这一趋势。此外，我们还研究了周期边界条件的作用，表明这不是一个关键因素，非周期接触的行为几乎相同。这些新发现为正弦波尺度下的橡胶非线性接触力学提供了更深入的见解，它构成了粗糙接触力学的基石，表明接触面积的增加也可能在没有粘附的情况下发生，这对真实的摩擦学系统，如轮胎-路面和密封相互作用、软机器人运动和生物力学有直接的影响。

Mechanics of Materials

Delineating strain-rate hardening and inertial effects on dynamic hardness of materials

Zahra Ghasemi, Tiago dos Santos, Debjoy D. Mallick, José A. Rodríguez-Martínez, Ankit Srivastava

doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105523

描述了应变率硬化和惯性效应对材料动态硬度的影响

We examine the interplay between strain-rate hardening and structural inertia in dynamic indentation, with the objective of identifying when dynamic hardness reflects intrinsic material response versus when it is influenced by inertia. Finite element simulations and theoretical calculations—based on a dynamic cavity expansion model—are performed for materials described by a strain- and strain-rate-dependent constitutive model with thermal softening. The an alysis spans a broad range of indentation velocities, depths, material densities, and strain-rate sensitivity exponents. Our results show that at relatively low to moderate indentation velocities, dynamic hardness can be interpreted as an intrinsic material property. However, at sufficiently high velocities, the indentation response is significantly influenced by inertia-induced resistance, manifested by a rapid increase in hydrostatic stress and, consequently, in dynamic hardness. The extent of this resistance scales with indentation strain rate, indentation depth, and material density. We introduce a normalization approach that, for a given material, accounts for inertia by scaling dynamic hardness and indentation strain rate with reference functions that depend on indentation velocity. This procedure enables the identification of the loading rate at which inertia begins to dominate the indentation response and allows data across a wide range of indentation strain rates and depths to be interpreted in terms of the material’s intrinsic strain-rate-dependent constitutive behavior. The excellent agreement between finite element simulations and theoretical predictions underscores the robustness of the proposed approach and establishes a foundation for extracting strain-rate-sensitive material properties from dynamic indentation experiments.

我们研究了动态压痕中应变率硬化和结构惯性之间的相互作用，目的是确定动态硬度是反映材料的固有响应还是受惯性影响。基于动态空腔膨胀模型的有限元模拟和理论计算，对具有热软化的应变和应变率相关的本构模型描述的材料进行了模拟。该分析涵盖了广泛的压痕速度、深度、材料密度和应变率灵敏度指数。我们的结果表明，在相对低到中等压痕速度下，动态硬度可以解释为材料的固有特性。然而，在足够高的速度下，压痕响应明显受到惯性诱导阻力的影响，表现为静水应力的迅速增加，从而导致动态硬度的增加。这种阻力的程度与压痕应变率、压痕深度和材料密度有关。我们引入了一种归一化方法，对于给定的材料，通过缩放动态硬度和压痕应变率与依赖于压痕速度的参考函数来解释惯性。这一过程可以确定惯性开始主导压痕响应的加载速率，并允许在大范围内的压痕应变率和深度的数据被解释为材料的固有应变率相关的本构行为。有限元模拟与理论预测之间的良好一致性强调了所提出方法的鲁棒性，并为从动态压痕实验中提取应变率敏感材料性能奠定了基础。

International Journal of Plasticity

Experimental study and micromechanics-based general constitutive theoretical framework for cold-region rocks under triaxial compression

Wenlin Wu, Yuanming Lai, Mingyi Zhang, Xiangtian Xu, Wansheng Pei, Ruiqiang Bai, Jing Zhang, Yanyan Chen

doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104499

寒区岩石三轴压缩试验研究及基于细观力学的一般本构理论框架

This study establishes a general multiscale constitutive model by integrating micromechanics, thermodynamics, and fractional calculus theory for cold-region rocks under triaxial compression. Conventional triaxial compression tests are conducted on frozen and freeze-thawed rock samples to investigate the macroscopic mechanical properties under the influence of freezing temperature and freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) an alyses provide deeper insights into the intrinsic microscale physical mechanis ms. Experimental observations reveal that, at the mesoscale, cold-region rocks can be conceptualized as a composite medium composed of a porous matrix interspersed with cracks. At the microscale, the porous matrix itself consists of mineral grains, pore ice, and unfrozen pore water. By quantitatively characterizing the relevant microstructural variables, a two-step homogenization procedure is employed to derive the effective elastic properties of rocks: the self-consistent scheme (SCS) at the microscale and the Mori–Tanaka (M-T) method at the mesoscale. After rigorously deducing the system’s free energy and corresponding state equations, we systematically establish specific criteria of the model: the loading damage evolution associated with crack initiation and propagation, state-dependent friction-cohesive-type yielding induced plastic distortion, and open cracks closure deformation caused nonlinear and Poisson effect. To accurately capture the characteristics of plastic deformation, the non-orthogonal plastic flow rule (NPFR) formulated via fractional differential calculus is adopted. For efficient numerical implementation, a robust stress integration algorithm is developed by combining the line search method (LS M) with conventional return mapping (RM) algorithm. The predictive performance of the proposed model is thoroughly validated through the frozen and F-T red sandstone and granite.

结合细观力学、热力学和分数阶微积分理论，建立了寒区岩石在三轴压缩下的通用多尺度本构模型。采用常规三轴压缩试验对冻结和冻融岩样进行压缩试验，研究冻结温度和冻融循环对岩石宏观力学性能的影响。此外，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和核磁共振（NMR）分析提供了对内在微观物理机制的更深入了解。实验观测表明，在中尺度上，寒冷地区的岩石可以被定义为一种由多孔基质和裂缝组成的复合介质。在微观尺度上，多孔基质本身由矿物颗粒、孔隙冰和未冻结孔隙水组成。通过定量表征相关微观结构变量，采用两步均匀化方法推导岩石的有效弹性特性：微观尺度上的自洽方案（SCS）和中尺度上的Mori-Tanaka （M-T）方法。在严格推导出系统的自由能和相应的状态方程后，系统地建立了模型的具体准则：与裂纹萌生和扩展相关的加载损伤演化、状态依赖的摩擦-黏结型屈服诱发的塑性变形、开放裂纹闭合变形引起的非线性和泊松效应。为了准确地捕捉塑性变形的特征，采用分数阶微分法推导的非正交塑性流动规则（NPFR）。为了高效的数值实现，将直线搜索法（LS M）与常规的返回映射（RM）算法相结合，提出了一种鲁棒的应力积分算法。通过冻结和F-T红砂岩和花岗岩，彻底验证了该模型的预测性能。

Modeling framework and discussion of microstructural effects on the formation of Cu–Cu bonding interfaces in semiconductor stacking

Jae-Uk Lee, Hyun-Dong Lee, Sung-Hyun Oh, Young-Dae Shim, Sukkyung Kang, Sanha Kim, Hoo-Jeong Lee, Eun-Ho Lee

doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104501

半导体叠层中Cu-Cu键合界面形成的微观结构影响的建模框架和讨论

As computational costs increase with the increasing use of artificial intelligence, improving the performance and efficiency of semiconductor systems has become an unavoidable challenge. Bumpless bonding is considered an emerging technology for semiconductor stacking to increase input/output density. Some studies have aimed at precisely controlling the bonding temperature and pressure to achieve a reliable Cu–Cu bonding interface. Nevertheless, considerable variations in the interface have been observed, even under identical conditions, which are attributed to the influence of the Cu microstructure. Controlling the microstructure of Cu during bonding still faces many technical challenges, and insufficient research has been conducted. Although some experimental studies exist, they have not fully an alyzed the complete mechanis m of the microstructural effect, and studies on numerical an alysis are lacking. This study developed a modeling framework and simulated the behavior occurring in Cu–Cu bonding by considering microstructural effects. To achieve this, the microstructural vector theory has been extended to consider the distortion of the atomic lattice caused by atomic flux and slip. The model was then implemented using the finite element method (FEM) through the ABAQUS user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). The numerical a nalysis results showed that the voids at the interface are more significantly affected by pressure than by temperature, and the combination of grains at the interface has a significant impact on interface formation. These simulation results were first used to mechanically an alyze and discuss the experimental observations previously reported for Cu–Cu bonding. Furthermore, additional experiments and inverse pole figure (IPF) observations of the Cu–Cu bonding interface were conducted, and the results were found to be consistent with the trends predicted by the model. The research findings demonstrate that the microstructure has a significant impact on the bonding interface formation and confirm the potential for controlling the bonding interface through microstructural control.

随着人工智能应用的日益广泛，计算成本的不断增加，提高半导体系统的性能和效率已成为一个不可避免的挑战。无凹凸键合被认为是一种新兴的半导体堆叠技术，以提高输入/输出密度。一些研究旨在精确控制键合温度和压力，以实现可靠的Cu-Cu键合界面。然而，即使在相同的条件下，也观察到界面的相当大的变化，这是由于Cu微观结构的影响。控制铜在键合过程中的微观结构仍然面临许多技术挑战，研究不足。虽然有一些实验研究，但没有充分分析微观结构效应的完整机理，也缺乏数值分析的研究。本研究建立了一个模型框架，并考虑了微观结构效应，模拟了Cu-Cu键合过程中的行为。为了实现这一目标，将微观结构矢量理论扩展到考虑原子通量和滑移引起的原子晶格畸变。然后通过ABAQUS用户自定义材料子程序（UMAT）使用有限元法（FEM）实现模型。数值分析结果表明，压力对界面孔洞的影响比对温度的影响更为显著，界面处晶粒的结合对界面形成有显著影响。这些模拟结果首先用于力学分析和讨论先前报道的Cu-Cu键合的实验观察结果。此外，还对Cu-Cu键合界面进行了实验和逆极图（IPF）观测，结果与模型预测的趋势一致。研究结果表明，微观结构对键合界面的形成有重要影响，并证实了通过微观结构控制来控制键合界面的可能性。

Critical role of L21 and L12 phase in deformation behaviors of additively manufactured FeCrNiAlTi alloy

Xiaopei Wang, Yan Wang, Wu Gong, Wenhua Wu, Youyou Zhang, Stefanus Harjo, Zhigang Yang, Hao Chen

doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104502

L21和L12相在增材制造的FeCrNiAlTi合金变形行为中的关键作用

Precipitation hardening is a widely used strategy to enhance the strength of face-centered cubic (FCC) alloys, but it often comes at the expense of ductility. However, the precipitates may also influence the deformation behaviors of the FCC matrix, such as strain induced stacking faults and twins, which could potentially mitigate or eliminate the loss in ductility caused by the increase in strength. In this work, we fabricated an FeCrNiAlTi FCC alloy via laser additive manufacturing, in which high density incoherent L21 phase and coherent L12 phase were introduced at cell walls and within cells respectively. An excellent balance between strength and ductility was achieved at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures by controlling the precipitation of intermetallic phases. It was found that the high density precipitates not only provide substantial strengthening but also promote deformation-induced stacking faults (SFs) and twinning, thereby enhancing work hardening through the creation of strain heterogeneity. In-situ neutron diffraction results reveal that the lattice strain after the yielding of the alloy is the predominant factors governing the formation of SFs and twins. Numerical simulation results exhibit that the large interfacial misfit of the incoherent L21 phase with the FCC matrix significantly enhances the local strain. Additionally, the combination of larger size and greater spacing of the L12 phase increases the local strain. Both L21 phase and L12 phase contribute to the enlarged local strain heterogeneity, thereby enhancing the stacking fault probability and promoting the formation of nano SFs and twins. This study presents the critical role of precipitates in tailoring deformation behaviors, thereby providing a new insight for designing strong yet ductile FCC alloys via engineering high density precipitates.

沉淀硬化是一种广泛采用的提高面心立方合金强度的方法，但它往往以牺牲延展性为代价。然而，析出物也可能影响FCC基体的变形行为，如应变引起的层错和孪晶，这可能潜在地减轻或消除强度增加引起的延性损失。本文采用激光增材制造技术制备了一种FeCrNiAlTi FCC合金，在细胞壁和细胞内分别引入高密度非相干L21相和相干L12相。通过控制金属间相的析出，在常温和低温下均实现了强度和延展性的良好平衡。研究发现，高密度析出物不仅提供了大量的强化，而且还促进了变形诱导的层错（SFs）和孪晶，从而通过产生应变非均质性来增强加工硬化。原位中子衍射结果表明，合金屈服后的晶格应变是决定单晶和孪晶形成的主要因素。数值模拟结果表明，非相干L21相与FCC基体的界面失配显著增强了局部应变。L12相的较大尺寸和较大间距使局部应变增大。L21相和L12相都增大了局部应变的非均质性，从而增加了层错概率，促进了纳米sf和孪晶的形成。本研究揭示了析出相在调整变形行为中的关键作用，从而为利用工程高密度析出相设计高韧性FCC合金提供了新的思路。

Thin-Walled Structures

Investigating Ultimate Strength and Damage Progression in Composite Cases: A Collaborative Cross-Scale Modeling Approach

Xing Mou, Qian Zhang, Guiming Zhang, Jianhui Fu, Qiaoguo Wu, Helin Pan, Lichuan Zhou, Lei Zu

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114051

研究复合材料案例的极限强度和损伤进展：协同跨尺度建模方法

Experimental burst data for the composite case of the solid rocket motor reveal that the nominal ultimate strength along the fiber orientation in the helical layup is lower than expected. Additionally, the internal pressure-bearing capacity of the cylindrical section fails to meet design specifications. This shortfall is attributed to meso-scale and hierarchical structural disparities between the helical and hoop layers, with the helical layer demonstrating a markedly lower effective ultimate strength ratio. Mesoscopic defects in the cylindrical section introduce bidirectional bending stresses under internal pressure, instigating crack nucleation at these flaws. This mechanis m accelerates damage progression using crack propagation and shapes the resultant fracture morphology, governed by stress distribution. To investigate the damage evolution and failure characteristics of the helical layer, a cross-scale model (CS M) was developed, integrating microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic perspectives. The Hashin failure criterion, implemented using a user material subroutine (UMAT), dynamically updates material properties based on damage states. This model effectively evaluates stress distribution, damage initiation, and progression in the helical layer under varying ply patterns, heights, and winding angles presenting stress concentration in meso-scale regions at crossovers and undulations is approximately 40% higher than in laminate regions. The predicted cross-scale burst pressure and fracture morphologies demonstrate strong alignment with experimental results in error 2.3%, elucidating complex, multiscale failure mechanis ms inherent in fiber-wound composite cases.

固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体的爆炸实验数据表明，螺旋铺层中沿纤维方向的名义极限强度低于预期。此外，圆柱截面的内承压能力不满足设计要求。这种缺陷是由于螺旋层和环状层之间的中尺度和分层结构差异造成的，其中螺旋层的有效极限强度比明显较低。圆柱形截面的细观缺陷在内压作用下引入双向弯曲应力，促使裂纹在这些缺陷处形核。这种机制通过裂纹扩展加速损伤进程，并形成由应力分布控制的最终断裂形态。为了研究螺旋层的损伤演化和破坏特征，建立了一种综合微观、细观和宏观视角的跨尺度模型（CS M）。Hashin失效准则使用用户材料子程序（UMAT）实现，根据损伤状态动态更新材料属性。该模型有效地评估了螺旋层在不同厚度模式、高度和缠绕角度下的应力分布、损伤发生和进展，表明交叉和波动中尺度区域的应力集中比层状区域高约40%。预测的跨尺度破裂压力和断裂形态与实验结果具有很强的一致性，误差为2.3%，阐明了纤维伤口复合材料案例中固有的复杂的多尺度破坏机制。

Experimental and numerical study on dynamic behavior of aluminum circular tubes and aluminum foam-filled composite tubes under combined static axial loading and lateral impact

Lingzhao Meng, Chao Zhang, Ximei Zhai, Yilinke Tan, Yonghui Wang, Yongbo Shao

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114077

铝圆管和泡沫铝填充复合管在轴向静载荷和侧向冲击联合作用下动力特性的试验与数值研究

Aluminum alloy circular tubular members in building structures may be subjected to accidental lateral impacts during service, experiencing coupled effects of axial static loading and lateral impact during the damage process. This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation into the dynamic behavior of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy circular tubes and aluminum foam-filled composite tubes under combined static axial loading and lateral impact. A test setup incorporating a self-compensating axial force device was developed to maintain stable axial loading during impact events. Twenty-one specimens were tested under varying axial compression ratios (μ ranging from -0.6 to +0.6) and impact energies (625–5625 J), revealing three distinct failure modes: local dent deformation with overall bending, three-hinge plastic deformation, and cracking near the end. Results demonstrate that axial tension enhances impact resistance, increasing peak impact force and reducing maximum displacement, whereas axial compression exhibits the opposite effect. An implicit-explicit approach (using ANSYS/Implicit and ANSYS/LS-DYNA) was employed and verified against the test data to accurately capture the dynamic responses of both empty tubes and aluminum foam-filled tubes. Parametric studies were also conducted to investigate the influence of filling aluminum foam into empty tubes under various loading conditions. A dimensionless empirical formula was derived to predict the maximum displacements of the tubes subjected to lateral impact (without axial force and under axial compression with μ = -0.4). The findings provide guidelines for the design of aluminum foam-filled composite tubes under combined axial static loading and lateral impact.

建筑结构中的铝合金圆管构件在使用过程中可能会受到意外的侧向冲击，在破坏过程中会受到轴向静载荷和侧向冲击的耦合作用。对6082-T6铝合金圆管和泡沫铝填充复合材料管在静态轴向载荷和侧向冲击作用下的动态特性进行了试验和数值研究。研制了一种包含自补偿轴向力装置的试验装置，以在冲击事件中保持稳定的轴向载荷。21个试件在不同的轴压比（μ范围为-0.6 ~ +0.6）和冲击能（625 ~ 5625 J）下进行了试验，揭示了三种不同的破坏模式：局部凹痕变形与整体弯曲、三铰塑性变形和近端开裂。结果表明，轴向拉伸增强了抗冲击性，增加了峰值冲击力，减小了最大位移，而轴向压缩则相反。采用隐式显式方法（ANSYS/Implicit和ANSYS/LS-DYNA）对试验数据进行验证，准确捕获了空管和泡沫铝填充管的动态响应。对不同载荷条件下泡沫铝填充空管的影响进行了参数化研究。推导了无量纲经验公式来预测管材在侧向冲击（无轴向力和轴向压缩）作用下的最大位移，公式为μ = -0.4。研究结果为泡沫铝填充复合材料管在轴向静载荷和侧向冲击作用下的设计提供了指导。

Dragonfly wing venation-inspired hybrid primitive scaffold for improved mechanical properties and energy absorption

Zonghan Li, Shuangjun Zhang, Xiaohui Liu, Peng Liu, Yi Jing, Pin Li, Mengqi Li, Wenmin Guo, Meigui Chen, Yong Xu

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114070

蜻蜓翼脉启发混合原始支架改善机械性能和能量吸收

Inspired by dragonfly wing veins, composite Primitive (P) structures reinforced with parallel (V-1) and staggered (V-2) bionic plate structures (BPS) were designed, and furtherly fabricated via laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers (PBF-LB/P) technology. Initially, homogenization an alysis combined with Kriging model was employed to optimize the respective relative densities of the BPS and P lattices. Subsequently, the influence of PBS on the mechanical properties of uniform (P70), gradient (P8776), and hybrid gradient (P8678) scaffolds was systematically investigated through experimental testing and numerical simulations. Results demonstrate that the elastic modulus of VP70-1 and VP8678-2 scaffolds reinforced with PBS increased by 328.5% and 327.1%, respectively. Moreover, the maximum energy absorption of the composite scaffold attained 124.53 kJ/m³, representing a 216.9% enhancement compared to unreinforced configurations. Notably, the specific energy absorption (SEA) reached 0.25-0.36 kJ/kg, significantly surpassing that of honeycomb structures with equivalent density. This study reveals the potential of plate-enhanced structures in enhancing mechanical performance and provides meaningful references for their engineering applications.

受蜻蜓翅纹的启发，设计了平行（V-1）和交错（V-2）仿生板结构（BPS）增强的复合原始(P)结构，并通过基于激光的聚合物粉末床熔融（PBF-LB/P）技术进一步制备。首先，采用均质化分析结合Kriging模型对BPS和P晶格各自的相对密度进行优化。随后，通过实验测试和数值模拟，系统研究了PBS对均匀（P70）、梯度（P8776）和混合梯度（P8678）支架力学性能的影响。结果表明，PBS增强VP70-1和VP8678-2支架的弹性模量分别提高了328.5%和327.1%。此外，复合材料支架的最大能量吸收达到124.53 kJ/m³，与未增强的结构相比，增加了216.9%。比能吸收（SEA）达到0.25 ~ 0.36 kJ/kg，明显超过同等密度的蜂窝结构。本研究揭示了板增强结构在提高力学性能方面的潜力，为其工程应用提供了有意义的参考。

Advances in diversified structural design, modeling and modification of 3D braided composites

Zijian Zheng, Xiangxia Kong, Junjun Zhai, Ningxin Zhang, Zeteng Guo, Shi Yan, Haoyang Guo

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114071

三维编织复合材料的多样化结构设计、建模和修饰研究进展

3D braided composites are advanced technological materials with unique structures developed based on two-dimensional braiding technology. These composites not only overcome the fatal defects of laminated composite materials, such as easy delamination failure, but also have great potential in multi-directional stress resistance, damage tolerance, and impact resistance. With the rapid development of aerospace and other fields, 3D braided composite materials are also constantly innovative and optimized to meet the functional characteristics of special parts in various fields. In this paper, the characteristics and applicability of micromechanical models for different 3D multi-directional braided structures are compared and a nalyzed, and the research progress on the comparison and an alysis of the mechanical properties of different braided structures under the same load types such as static/dynamic/multi-field coupling (which involves the interaction of mechanical, thermal, electrical, or other physical fields) has been summarized firstly. Secondly, the research of multi-environment adaptability of 3D braided structures through the special combination of different components (matrix/yarn) is an alyzed. Innovative designs for specific functions and needs, such as functional material embedding, coating modification technologies for matrices and fiber bundles, are further explored. Then, the mechanical behavior of 3D braided composites in typical special-shaped functional components (such as 3D braided T-beams and 3D braided tubular composites) is discussed. Finally, the problems in the current research are summarized, and future research trends are forecasted.

三维编织复合材料是在二维编织技术的基础上发展起来的具有独特结构的先进技术材料。这些复合材料不仅克服了层合复合材料易分层破坏等致命缺陷，而且在多向抗应力、损伤容限、抗冲击等方面具有很大的潜力。随着航空航天等领域的快速发展，3D编织复合材料也在不断创新和优化，以满足各领域特殊零件的功能特点。本文对不同三维多向编织结构微观力学模型的特点和适用性进行了比较和分析，并首先总结了在静/动/多场耦合（包括力学、热、电或其他物理场的相互作用）等相同载荷类型下，不同编织结构力学性能比较和分析的研究进展。其次，分析了不同组分（基体/纱线）的特殊组合对三维编织结构多环境适应性的影响。进一步探索针对特定功能和需求的创新设计，如功能材料嵌入、基质和纤维束涂层改性技术。然后，讨论了三维编织复合材料在典型异形功能构件（如三维编织t梁和三维编织管复合材料）中的力学行为。最后，对目前研究中存在的问题进行了总结，并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。

Enhanced Bi-Directional Crushing Performance of Thin-Walled Tubes Filled with Laterally Reinforced Honeycomb Cores

Jielin Liu,  Ruyhan, Chenqi Jiang, Tianchi Ren, Yanshan Lou

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114072

横向增强蜂窝芯填充薄壁管双向破碎性能的增强

A novel laterally reinforced honeycomb core is proposed to enhance the axial and lateral crushing performance of thin-walled tubes by preserving the classical in-plane hexagonal topology and embedding transverse stiffeners. Quasi-static crushing tests demonstrate that, compared with hollow tubes, aluminum tubes filled with the proposed core fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM) exhibit a 220.4% increase in energy absorption (EA) and a 77.2% increase in specific energy absorption (SEA) in the lateral direction. Under axial crushing, EA increases by 107.9%, while SEA improves by 14.7%. A numerical model was developed, incorporating ductile damage in the aluminum tube and interlayer cracking in the proposed FDM core, and it accurately predicted the lateral crushing response of the proposed core-filled aluminum tube with less than 5.4% prediction error in mean crushing force. Simulation results further reveal that, despite accounting for only 6.9% of the total structural mass, the plastic dissipation of the stiffeners contributes 34.9% of the total structural energy absorption. Moreover, parametric simulations demonstrate that aluminum tubes filled with a laterally reinforced honeycomb core incorporating six stiffeners achieve a 194.4% higher lateral SEA than the hollow tube.

为了提高薄壁管的轴向和侧向破碎性能，提出了一种新的横向增强蜂窝芯，保留了经典的平面内六边形拓扑结构，并嵌入横向加强筋。准静态破碎试验表明，与空心管相比，采用熔融沉积模型（FDM）制备的铝管在横向上的能量吸收（EA）增加了220.4%，比能量吸收（SEA）增加了77.2%。轴向破碎时，EA提高了107.9%，SEA提高了14.7%。建立了考虑铝管延性损伤和FDM芯层间裂纹的数值模型，该模型准确预测了铝管的侧向破碎响应，平均破碎力预测误差小于5.4%。仿真结果进一步表明，尽管加劲肋的塑性耗散只占结构总质量的6.9%，但其对结构总耗能的贡献却高达34.9%。此外，参数化模拟表明，填充了包含6个加强筋的横向增强蜂窝芯的铝管的横向SEA比空心管高194.4%。

Tailoring broadband vibroacoustic response through spatially modulated mass matrices in membrane systems

Jiajun Wu, Menglong Dong, Mingsong Zou, Gang Wang

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114074

通过空间调制质量矩阵在膜系统中裁剪宽带振动声响应

Membrane with added mass patches have promising applications in the field of acoustic metamaterials, especially in low-frequency noise control. This study investigates the vibroacoustic characteristics of tensioned membranes with added mass patches, focusing on their potential for low-frequency noise control. A unified computational method based on the spectral-geometry method (SGM) is proposed for investigating the sound radiation characteristics of the membrane with added mass patches. And a coupled vibroacoustic theoretical model is established, incorporating the strong coupling between the membrane and the external sound field. At the same time, a coupled vibroacoustic theoretical model is established based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, which takes into account the strong coupling between the membrane and the external sound field. The accuracy of the method is verified by comparing the finite element method (FEM) with the theoretical method. Parametric an alyses systematically explore the effects of boundary conditions, mass weight, position, quantity, shape, and area on sound radiation. This work establishes a predictive framework for tailoring vibroacoustic behavior in practical noise control applications.

带有附加质量补丁的膜在声学超材料领域，特别是在低频噪声控制方面具有广阔的应用前景。本研究研究了增加质量贴片的张力膜的振动声学特性，重点研究了它们在低频噪声控制方面的潜力。提出了一种基于谱几何方法（SGM）的统一计算方法，用于研究附加质量斑块膜的声辐射特性。建立了考虑薄膜与外部声场强耦合的振动声耦合理论模型。同时，基于瑞利-里兹方法建立了考虑膜与外部声场强耦合的耦合振动声理论模型。通过有限元法与理论方法的比较，验证了该方法的准确性。参数分析系统地探讨了边界条件、质量、重量、位置、数量、形状和面积对声辐射的影响。这项工作为在实际噪声控制应用中裁剪振动声学行为建立了一个预测框架。

Assembly-Compatible Plate Element Method for Local Buckling and Ultimate Strength of Stiffened Steel Box Sections

Lun-hua Bai, Hui Wang, Ming-yang Li, Tao Wang, Yao-peng Liu, Rui-li Shen, Siu-lai Chan

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114075

加劲钢箱截面局部屈曲和极限强度的装配兼容板单元法

Local buckling often governs the ultimate strength of complex stiffened steel box sections used in bridge towers, arch ribs and girders. However, most design-oriented ana lyses still treat each plate in isolation and overlook the restraining “plate-assembly” effects. To address this gap, an assembly-compatible plate element method (PEM) built on the exact displacement solution of an elastically buckled plate is proposed in this paper. The integration constants are adopted as degrees of freedom and assembled through equilibrium and compatibility into the stiffness matrix of single- or multi-cell box sections. Critical local buckling stresses and mode shapes are obtained via a Newton–secant iteration combined with longitudinal wave-number searching. The resulting stresses are integrated with the buckling curves in Chinese code to compute ultimate strengths. Benchmark studies on single- and multi-chamber boxes, with and without longitudinal ribs, show that the PEM predicts local buckling stresses and visualizes mode shapes with accuracy comparable to detailed shell finite-element models. The proposed PEM thus provides a fast, transparent and accurate tool for evaluating local stability and ultimate capacity of stiffened steel box sections in bridge design. Limitations of the PEM and future research directions are outlined finally.

局部屈曲往往控制着桥梁塔架、拱肋和主梁中使用的复杂加劲钢箱截面的极限强度。然而，大多数面向设计的分析仍然孤立地对待每个板块，而忽略了约束“板块组合”效应。为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种基于弹性屈曲板精确位移解的装配兼容板单元法（PEM）。将积分常数作为自由度，通过平衡和协调组合成单单元或多单元箱形截面的刚度矩阵。通过牛顿-割线迭代结合纵波数搜索得到了临界局部屈曲应力和模态振型。所得应力与中国规范的屈曲曲线相结合，计算极限强度。对单室和多室箱体（有和没有纵向肋）的基准研究表明，PEM可以预测局部屈曲应力，并以与详细的壳体有限元模型相当的精度显示模态振型。因此，所提出的PEM为桥梁设计中加劲钢箱截面的局部稳定性和极限承载力评估提供了一种快速、透明和准确的工具。最后对PEM的局限性和未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Postbuckling an alysis of stiffened composite plates by a versatile non-uniform compound strip method

Hao Yu, Pizhong Qiao

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114076

加筋复合材料板后屈曲分析的通用非均匀复合条法

An enhanced non-uniform compound strip method (N-u CS M) for nonlinear stability or postbuckling an alysis of stiffened composite plates is presented. The existing CS M is extended by allowing the flexible adjustment of local knots which enable the local mesh refinement and arbitrary stiffener placement along the strip. An optimized knot arrangement not only ensures solution accuracy but also improves convergence. Following the beam-plate coupling model, the displacements of stiffeners are compatibly expressed through the fundamental parameters of the skin. Consequently, the stiffener reinforcement is naturally incorporated by augmenting the corresponding strips with the beam stiffness matrix. By integrating the von Kármán nonlinear theory and Newton-Raphson iterations, the high-fidelity nonlinear ana lysis capable of accurately predicting the full buckling-to-postbuckling response is achieved. Numerical validation against the published results and numerical finite element solutions confirms the convergence and accuracy of the present method. The proposed method not only advances computational structural mechanics for nonlinear stability an alysis but also supports safer and more optimized design paradigms for modern engineering structures.

提出了一种用于加筋复合材料板非线性稳定性或后屈曲分析的改进非均匀复合条法（N-u CS M）。现有的CS M扩展允许灵活调整局部节，使局部网格细化和任意加劲沿带钢的位置。优化的结排列不仅保证了解的精度，而且提高了收敛性。根据梁-板耦合模型，加强筋的位移通过蒙皮的基本参数来协调表示。因此，通过增加梁刚度矩阵的相应条，自然地结合了加劲筋。通过将von Kármán非线性理论与Newton-Raphson迭代相结合，实现了能够准确预测整个屈曲到后屈曲响应的高保真非线性分析。对已发表的结果和数值有限元解的数值验证证实了本文方法的收敛性和准确性。该方法不仅推进了非线性稳定性分析的计算结构力学，而且为现代工程结构提供了更安全、更优化的设计范式。

Dynamic Bending-induced Controllable Cushioning in Soft Rod-shaped Mechanical Metastructures

Xiang Xu, Huijie Guo, Hang Liu, Guangding Wang, Qiansheng Tang, Xin Wang, Jin Wang, Yong Zhang, Zhen Li, Pengfei Wang

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114080

软杆状机械元结构的动态弯曲可控缓冲

This study proposes a soft rod-shaped mechanical metastructure for dynamic impact protection, fabricated via selective laser sintering of thermoplastic polyurethane. The mechanical behavior under dynamic loading is characterized using a visco-hyperelastic constitutive model that integrates a third-order Yeoh hyperelastic framework with a Prony series-based viscoelastic component. The dynamic impact force response, Poisson's ratio effect, specific energy absorption, and compressive deformation modes are systematically investigated with respect to key geometric parameters, including rod diameter, rod length ratio, and gradient parameter. Under external impact, the connecting rods of the metastructure bend, enabling ordered dynamic deformation and efficient energy absorption. These mechanical metastructures exhibit significant multi-stage loading behavior and distinctive negative Poisson's ratio characteristics under dynamic impact. Additionally, the introduction of varying gradients can significantly reduce peak crushing forces during dynamic loading, providing an effective and controllable method for regulating impact forces. Compared with other soft mechanical metastructures, the proposed design demonstrates superior performance under both dynamic and quasi-static impact conditions. Fabricated from soft materials, the rod-shaped mechanical metastructure offers an alternative approach for developing lightweight protective structures with tunable design parameters and adaptability to various impact velocities.

本研究提出了一种用于动态冲击防护的软棒状机械元结构，该结构是通过选择性激光烧结热塑性聚氨酯制成的。采用三阶Yeoh超弹性框架和基于proony序列的粘弹性构件相结合的粘弹性本构模型对动载荷作用下的力学行为进行了表征。针对杆径、杆长比和梯度参数等关键几何参数，系统研究了动态冲击力响应、泊松比效应、比能吸收和压缩变形模式。在外力冲击下，元结构的连杆发生弯曲，实现了有序的动态变形和高效的能量吸收。这些力学元结构在动力冲击下表现出显著的多级加载行为和显著的负泊松比特性。此外，引入不同的梯度可以显著降低动加载时的峰值破碎力，为调节冲击力提供了一种有效和可控的方法。与其他软力学元结构相比，该设计在动态和准静态冲击条件下均表现出优越的性能。棒状机械元结构由软材料制成，为开发具有可调设计参数和适应各种冲击速度的轻质保护结构提供了另一种方法。

High strain rate testing and modeling of 3D-printed polymeric cellular structures

Francesco Bandinelli, Martina Scapin, Lorenzo Peroni

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114081

3d打印聚合物细胞结构的高应变率测试和建模

In the past few years, growing attention has been given to crashworthiness studies of 3D-printed lattice and cellular structures due to their excellent energy-absorbing capabilities and design freedom. The high strain rate behavior of these components has not been fully comprehended and their use is thus still limited. This paper investigates the high strain rate behavior of 3D-printed polymeric cellular structures, varying cell topology, material, density, and launching speed. The specimens are compared by quasi-static and dynamic compression tests, with strain rates varying from 0.01 s-1 to 3000 s-1. A Taylor test is employed to achieve launching speeds up to 200 m/s, which are rarely investigated for such structures. The wide range of strain rates results in notable changes in the collapse mechanis ms of the structures and outstanding enhancements in specific energy absorbed. A new specific energy absorption evaluator is developed to account for the different behaviors of the quasi-static and high strain rate cases. Different results are obtained with short carbon fiber reinforced and unreinforced polyamides, while the cell topology is found to influence the failure behavior. The unreinforced material has a greater strain rate sensitivity but shows higher fracturing and catastrophic failure, while the reinforced material behaves more stably. Lastly, a simple finite element model with reduced inputs is developed to reproduce the deformation and the specific energy absorption of the structures. The model is intended to promote the use of simpler yet accurate models in large crashworthiness studies, where 3D-printed polymeric structures can be used.

在过去的几年中，由于3d打印晶格和细胞结构具有出色的吸能能力和设计自由度，因此其耐撞性研究受到越来越多的关注。这些组件的高应变率行为尚未完全理解，因此它们的使用仍然受到限制。本文研究了3d打印聚合物细胞结构的高应变率行为，改变细胞拓扑结构，材料，密度和发射速度。在应变速率为0.01 s-1 ~ 3000 s-1的条件下，对试样进行了准静态和动态压缩试验。采用泰勒试验来实现高达200米/秒的发射速度，这在此类结构中很少进行研究。较宽的应变速率范围使结构的坍塌机制发生了显著变化，吸收比能显著提高。针对准静态和高应变率情况下的不同行为，提出了一种新的比能吸收评价方法。在短碳纤维增强和未增强的聚酰胺材料中得到了不同的结果，同时发现细胞拓扑结构对破坏行为有影响。非增强材料具有更高的应变率敏感性，但表现出更高的断裂和突变破坏，而增强材料表现出更稳定的行为。最后，建立了简化输入的简单有限元模型，以再现结构的变形和比能吸收。该模型旨在促进在大型耐撞性研究中使用更简单而准确的模型，在这些研究中可以使用3d打印聚合物结构。

Effect of boundary constraint on damage competition and CAI strength of composite honeycomb sandwich structure under impact considering different positions

Maojing Ran, Keyu Zhu, Hongyun Ni, Liming Chen

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114083

考虑不同位置冲击时边界约束对复合材料蜂窝夹层结构损伤竞争及CAI强度的影响

The current impact an alysis is generally based on the assumption of the center impact load, ignoring the randomness of the impact location and the boundary effects, which leads to deviations in the assess ment of damage tolerance. This study investigates the effect of boundary constraint on damage competition and compression after impact (CAI) strength of composite honeycomb sandwich structures considering different impact positions. The offset distance from the center point (ODC) was utilized to quantify the effect of boundary constraint. Four impact positions and three impact energies during impact experimental testing are considered and discussed. In addition, the typical mechanical characteristics including peak force, energy absorption, and deformation modes are compared. The results show that the effect of boundary constraint leads to a further reduction in CAI strength compared to that at center point impact position. At the impact energy of 20 J, the CAI strength (85.70 MPa) of 20 J-40 mm is nearly 26.69 MPa lower than that (112.39 MPa) of 20 J-0 mm, a ratio of about 23.74%. Based on boundary effect, the impact region can be divided into two regions: affected region and non-affected region, and the CAI strength showed a significant decline after ODC was 20 mm. In addition, the finite element model is established to reveal the impact behavior and damage competition mechanis m. The bending stiffness of specimen increases with ODC increases, resulting in more impact energy being converted into plastic rather than elastic deformation. Besides, the phenomenon that the number of matrix damages of the specimen decreases and the number of fiber damages increases is also observed. These findings highlight the effect of boundary constraints into damage tolerant design for aerospace applications.

目前的冲击分析一般基于对中心冲击载荷的假设，忽略了冲击位置的随机性和边界效应，导致损伤容限的评估存在偏差。研究了考虑不同冲击位置时，边界约束对复合材料蜂窝夹层结构损伤竞争和冲击后压缩强度的影响。利用与中心点的偏移距离（ODC）来量化边界约束的影响。对冲击试验测试中的四种冲击位置和三种冲击能量进行了考虑和讨论。此外，还比较了典型的力学特性，包括峰值力、能量吸收和变形模式。结果表明，边界约束的影响导致CAI强度比中心点冲击位置进一步降低。在冲击能为20 J时，20 J-40 mm的CAI强度（85.70 MPa）比20 J-0 mm的CAI强度（112.39 MPa）低近26.69 MPa，两者之比约为23.74%。基于边界效应，冲击区可分为受影响区和未受影响区，ODC为20 mm后CAI强度出现明显下降。建立了有限元模型，揭示了冲击行为和损伤竞争机制。试件的抗弯刚度随着ODC的增加而增加，导致更多的冲击能量转化为塑性变形而不是弹性变形。此外，还观察到试样的基体损伤数量减少，纤维损伤数量增加的现象。这些发现突出了边界约束对航空航天应用中损伤容限设计的影响。

Dynamic behavior and vibration suppression of functionally graded coated composite truncated conical shells

Jinan Li, Hui Li, Haijun Wang, Yu Wang, Zhaoye Qin, Xiangping Wang, Haile Yan, Bo Yang, Wei Sun

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.114084

功能梯度涂覆复合材料截锥形壳的动力性能及振动抑制

This work presents the dynamic an alysis of a fiber-reinforced composite truncated conical shell (FRCTCS) coated with a functionally graded coating (FGC), aiming at vibration suppression in aerospace thin-walled structures. Firstly, a theoretical framework for free and forced vibrations is established, where the first-order shear deformation theory is employed and the graded properties of the FGC are incorporated. Arbitrary boundary conditions are modeled using a virtual spring approach. Then, the displacement field is expressed through Jacobi orthogonal polynomials, and the Newmark-β method is adopted to predict the forced vibration response. Convergence and validation an alyses confirm the accuracy of the proposed approach. Then, scratch tests and wear experiments are conducted on the fabricated FGC, demonstrating strong adhesion performance and excellent wear resistance, thereby establishing a solid foundation for experimental validation. Furthermore, parametric an alyses elucidate the effects of key structural and material parameters, leading to an optimized configuration that enhances vibration suppression in aerospace applications.

本文针对航空航天薄壁结构的振动抑制问题，对涂覆功能梯度涂层的纤维增强复合材料截锥形壳（FRCTCS）进行了动力学分析。首先，采用一阶剪切变形理论，结合FGC的梯度特性，建立了自由振动和强迫振动的理论框架；采用虚拟弹簧方法对任意边界条件进行建模。然后，通过Jacobi正交多项式表示位移场，并采用Newmark-β方法预测受迫振动响应。收敛和验证分析证实了该方法的准确性。然后，对制备的FGC进行了划伤试验和磨损试验，结果表明，FGC具有较强的附着性能和优异的耐磨性，为实验验证奠定了坚实的基础。此外，参数分析阐明了关键结构和材料参数的影响，从而优化了结构，增强了航空航天应用中的振动抑制。