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钢筋混凝土术语(Reinforced Concrete Terminology): A

计算岩土力学

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(1) AASHTO—American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

AASHTO-美国州公路和运输官方协会。https://www.transportation.org/

AASHTO发布了许多设计手册和施工施工手册，包括岩土工程领域的许多分支，例如土的分类和桩的设计方法。曾经做过一个悬臂桩的支护验算程序用于工程设计。Soldierpile (AASHTO).xlsm

(2) ABUTMENT—Supporting substructure at ends of bridges.

桥台--支撑桥梁两端的下部结构。桥台是连接桥面和地面的结构，位于桥跨的两端，有助于在水平和垂直方向上支撑其重量。相关的词汇是桥墩(Piers)。

(3) ACI—American Concrete Institute

ACI-美国混凝土协会 https://www.concrete.org/

ACI 发布了许多混凝土标准，钢筋混凝土设计的主要标准依据的是ACI 318-99。

[1] American Concrete Institute: "ACI 318-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary", ISBN 978-0-87031-930-3 (2014)

(4) ANCHORAGE—The securing of reinforcing steel in concrete either by straight embedment, hooks, or headed bar

锚固--将钢筋固定在混凝土中，以产生粘结力，从而增强混凝土的抗拉能力。可采用直埋、钩子或带头钢筋。相关的词汇是钢筋(Rebar)。

(4) ANSI— American National Standards Institute

ANSI - 美国国家标准协会 https://www.ansi.org/

ANSI自身不产生钢筋混凝土的技术标准。

(5) ARC WELDING—A process by which the two pieces of steel to be joined are heated by an arc formed between an electrode and the steel. As the electrode melts, it supplies weld material which fuses the pieces of steel together.

弧焊--通过电极和钢材之间形成的电弧加热两块钢材的过程。当电极熔化时，它提供焊接材料，将钢片熔合在一起。弧焊工艺可以是手工、半自动或全自动的。弧焊最初是在19世纪末发展起来的，在第二次世界大战期间，弧焊在造船业中变得非常重要。今天，它仍然是钢结构和车辆制造的重要工艺。

(6) ARCHITECT—A person or firm who prepares the architectural drawings that determine the design and form of buildings. The Architect is usually employed by and represents the Owner.

建筑师---编制建筑图纸的人或公司，决定建筑物的设计和形式。建筑师通常受雇于业主并代表业主。

华裔建筑师贝聿铭和他的作品玻璃金字塔

(7) ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS—Drawings which show the general design and form of structures by means of elevations, plans and sections; show the various materials such as brick, concrete, glass, masonry, steel, stone and wood and their dimensions; show fixtures and finishes for ceilings, floor surfaces and walls.

建筑图纸--通过立面图、平面图和剖面图显示结构的总体设计和形式；显示各种材料，如砖、混凝土、玻璃、砖石、钢、石和木头及其尺寸；显示天花板、地板表面和墙面的固定装置和饰面。包括桥梁的总体设计和形式。

布鲁克林大桥(Brooklyn Bridge)

(8) ASTM—American Society for Testing and Materials.

ASTM-美国材料试验协会 https://www.astm.org/

ASTM发布了许多标准，包括岩土工程领域的标准，例如《ASTM Cone Penetrometer Handbook》.

[1] ASTM A82: Specification for Plain Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement

[2] ASTM A184/A184M: Specification for Fabricated Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement

[3] ASTM A185: Specification for Welded Plain Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete Reinforcement

[4] ASTM A496: Specification for Deformed Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement

[5] ASTM A497: Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete Reinforcement

[6] ASTM A615/A615M: Deformed and plain carbon-steel bars for concrete reinforcement

[7] ASTM A616/A616M: Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

[8] ASTM A617/A617M: Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

[9] ASTM A706/A706M: Low-alloy steel deformed and plain bars for concrete reinforcement

[10] ASTM A722/A722M: Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel Bars for Prestressed Concrete

[11] ASTM A767/A767M: Specification for Zinc-Coated(Galvanized) Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

[12] ASTM A775/A775M: Specification for Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel Bars

[13] ASTM A934/A934M: Specification for Epoxy-Coated Prefabricated Steel Reinforcing Bars

[14] ASTM A955: Deformed and plain stainless-steel bars for concrete reinforcement (Supplementary Requirement S1 is used when specifying magnetic permeability testing)

[15] ASTM A996: Rail-steel and axle-steel deformed bars for concrete reinforcement

[16] ASTM A1035: Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain, Low-carbon, Chromium, Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

(9) AWS—American Welding Society.

AWS-美国焊接协会 https://www.aws.org/ 相关词汇 Arc Welding

(10) AXLE-STEEL REINFORCING BARS—Deformed reinforcing bars rolled from steel axles for railroad cars.

车轴钢筋--用碳钢车轴制造的加强筋。由钢制车轴轧制而成的变形钢筋，用于铁路车辆。