全球最大地下铜矿El Teniente矿的岩石力学研究

1 引言

El Teniente是目前世界上最大的地下铜矿，也是储量规模最大的铜矿之一【地下开采诱发地表下沉的应变极限准则(Fracturing Limits)；崩落分析的经验方法(Caveability Analysis)；Doc2Vec获得语义相似词汇的算法改进(更新4个矿山数据集)】，它位于智利中部安第斯山脉(Andes)海拔约2300米处， 拥有并经营El Teniente矿的智利国有铜矿公司Codelco计划在2025年前将该矿的产量提高到每年50万吨以上。

El Teniente矿的扩建计划目前正处于开发和建设阶段，通过一个综合项目战略，将使未来的采矿工作得以持续，最深的部分对应的是北安第斯项目(Andes Norte Project)，该项目计划使用盘区崩落法(panel caving)进行回采[(2019) Development of a rock mass classification framework for caveability prediction]，应用水力压裂法来减轻将来开采过程中的地震灾害。该项目还考虑建设最终的矿石材料处理系统，包括一个日处理能力为60,000吨的破碎室和一条9km长的隧道来布置传送带。这条隧道目前正在建设中，最复杂的区域已经出现了岩爆现象。地质力学风险管理和控制战略的主要内容包括风险概念和战略、矿山设计布局、岩石支护设计和水力压裂考虑等(Geomechanical Risks Management and control at Andes Norte project: El Teniente mine,2022)，一些近期的项目发展报告包括(MassMin2020)：

(1) (2020) Integrated construction center in Andes Norte Project – New Mine Level.

(2) (2020) Online monitoring system, Andes Norte Project

(3) (2020) Implementation of operational improvements, productivity and quality in the FH process in Andes Norte Project – NNM – New Mine Level

(4) (2020) Analysis methodology for FH validation in Andes Norte Project – New Mine Level

(5) (2020) Hydraulic Fracturing Review Work Methodology in Andes Norte Project Tunnels

(6) (2020) Managing system of panel caving mine operations during high level constraints and interferences, Esmeralda mine case study

2 岩石力学研究

(1) 岩体损伤[(2016) Severe rock mass damage of undercut and extraction level pillars at El Teniente Mine; (2012)Back analysis of intensive rock mass damage at the El Teniente mine]

(2) 合成岩体SRM[(2011) Assessing geological vein size and intensity using discrete fracture network modeling at the El Teniente Mine; (2013) Application of the synthetic rock mass approach to characterize rock mass behavior at the El Teniente Mine;  (2014) Characterization and Synthetic Simulations to at the El Teniente Mine; (2016) Application of Synthetic Rock Mass modeling to veined core-size samples]

(3) 断裂限制[(2003) Three-Dimensional Analysis of Fracturing Limits Induced by Large Scale Underground Mining at El Teniente Mine]

(4) 节理试验[(2011) Direct shear and tensile test on cemented healed joints from El Teniente mine]

(5) 水力压裂[(2014) Simulating the effect of preconditioning in primary fragmentation; (2020) Implementation of operational improvements, productivity and quality in the Hydraulic Fracturing process in Andes Norte Project]