今日更新:Composite Structures 4 篇,Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 4 篇,Composites Part B: Engineering 3 篇,Composites Science and Technology 4 篇
An alysis of vibrations in grid sandwich cylindrical shells using an improved asymptotic homogenization method
Xinyang Zhao, Shuo Wang, Zhiyuan Mei, Dajiang Wu, Zhan Zhang, Yi Zhu
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119835
网格夹层圆柱壳振动的改进渐近均匀化分析
This study implements an improved asymptotic homogenization method (IAHM) using finite element software to determine equivalent stiffness coefficients for complex unit cell configurations. The equivalent stiffness coefficients of the core layer integrated with the skin were extracted and used to investigate the vibration characteristics of grid sandwich cylindrical shells. The proposed IAHM determines structural transverse shear stiffness by accounting for transverse shear deformation. The grid sandwich cylindrical shells were modeled using the first-order shear deformation theory, domain decomposition method, virtual artificial spring technology, and Rayleigh–Ritz method. A UG-ABAQUS dual-platform collaborative modeling approach was used to develop accurate finite element models with parametric geometric control and periodic array generation. The discrepancies between theoretical and numerical natural frequencies are within 1.5%, confirming the model’s reliability and computational efficiency for both soft- and hard-core materials, as well as multiple grid configurations. Finally, the study examined the multi-modal vibration characteristics of grid structures, considering the combined effects of grid topology, core material modulus, and cellular geometry, thus revealing their distinct influence on the system’s dynamic responses.
本研究利用有限元软件实现了一种改进的渐近均匀化方法(IAHM),以确定复杂单元格结构的等效刚度系数。提取芯层与蒙皮相结合的等效刚度系数,用于研究网格夹层圆柱壳的振动特性。该模型通过考虑横向剪切变形来确定结构的横向剪切刚度。采用一阶剪切变形理论、区域分解方法、虚拟人工弹簧技术和瑞利-里兹方法对网格夹层圆柱壳进行建模。采用UG-ABAQUS双平台协同建模方法,建立具有参数化几何控制和周期阵列生成的精确有限元模型。理论和数值固有频率之间的差异在1.5%以内,证实了该模型在软核和硬核材料以及多种网格配置下的可靠性和计算效率。最后,研究考察了网格结构的多模态振动特性,考虑了网格拓扑结构、核心材料模量和细胞几何形状的综合影响,从而揭示了它们对系统动力响应的明显影响。
Deep-learning approaches for a generator of orthotropic porous microstructures: Numerical and experimental application
A.I. Pais, J.L. Alves, J. Belinha
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119834
正交各向异性多孔微结构发生器的深度学习方法:数值和实验应用
This work presents a hybrid approach that combines data-driven and physics-based an alysis to design unit cells with target elastic properties for 2D porous structures. Traditional unit cell design typically adjusts strut or sheet thickness within predefined geometries. Alternatively, this method predicts all independent constants in the elastic tensor, allowing for more precise tailoring of elastic properties. An artificial neural network based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, implemented in PyTorch, generates novel unit cells with specific elastic properties. A network evaluator, trained on an extended dataset, replaces numerical homogenization an alysis with high accuracy for efficient property computation during training. The results show that incorporating mechanical properties into the generator’s loss function improves prediction accuracy compared to an image-based loss function. However, using the image-based approach, the generated structures exhibit more symmetry and resemble more the existing database samples. The predicted structures are validated through numerical simulations and experimental testing, confirming the proposed approach’s ability to achieve the desired mechanical response. Comparison of experimental stiffness measurements with homogenized numerical predictions reveals deviations from 6.7% to 13.69%. This method provides an efficient tool for designing porous materials with tailored mechanical properties, offering potential applications in lightweight structures, biomaterials, and metamaterials.
这项工作提出了一种混合方法,将数据驱动和基于物理的分析相结合,以设计具有目标弹性特性的二维多孔结构单元格。传统的单元格设计通常在预定义的几何形状内调整支撑或板的厚度。或者,这种方法预测弹性张量中的所有独立常数,允许更精确地剪裁弹性特性。基于卷积神经网络(CNN)架构的人工神经网络,在PyTorch中实现,生成具有特定弹性特性的新型单元细胞。在扩展数据集上训练的网络评估器,在训练过程中以高精度取代数值均匀化分析,从而实现高效的属性计算。结果表明,与基于图像的损失函数相比,将机械性能纳入生成器的损失函数可以提高预测精度。然而,使用基于图像的方法,生成的结构表现出更多的对称性,更像现有的数据库样本。通过数值模拟和实验测试验证了所预测的结构,证实了所提出的方法能够达到预期的力学响应。将实验刚度测量值与均质化数值预测值进行比较,发现偏差在6.7%到13.69%之间。该方法为设计具有定制力学性能的多孔材料提供了一种有效的工具,在轻质结构、生物材料和超材料方面具有潜在的应用前景。
Predicting compression strength and dynamic response of composite reinforced panel structure with debonding defect by numerical and experimental ana lysis
Xiulu Zhang, Changyou Li, Xiaowei Yin, Weijun Wang, Wenchao Huang, Jichang Wang, Na Meng, Caiwen Fang
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119838
通过数值分析和试验分析,预测含剥离缺陷的复合材料加筋板结构的抗压强度和动力响应
The purpose of this paper is to accurately predict the effects of stringer/skin debonding on bearing capacity and dynamic response of composite I-reinforced panel. A novel numerical method is proposed to derive the stiffness matrix of reinforced panel with debonding by introducing the damage factor, which reveals the influence mechanis m of the debonding defect on the compressive strength and vibration response of the structure. The feasibility of finite element method (FEM) is verified by the strain assurance criterion (SAC). In addition, a series of specimens with 100 mm length pre-debonding are designed and manufactured. Non-destructive testing (NDT) is carried out to ensure that the specimens only have prefabricated damage. The precision of numerical a nalysis and FEM a nalysis are confirmed by test ana lysis. Moreover, the scanning images of electron microscope (SEM) are identified, segmented, and quantified based on image processing technology. The properties and principles of the damage at the stringer/skin interface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures are a nalyzed, which is of great significance for improving the reliability and durability of composite structures.
本文的目的是准确预测筋皮剥离对复合工字板承载力和动力响应的影响。通过引入损伤因子,提出了一种新的数值方法来推导带剥离加固板的刚度矩阵,揭示了剥离缺陷对结构抗压强度和振动响应的影响机理。通过应变保证准则(SAC)验证了有限元方法的可行性。此外,还设计制作了一系列长度为100 mm的预剥离试件。进行无损检测(NDT)以确保试样只有预制损伤。通过试验分析,验证了数值分析和有限元分析的精度。此外,基于图像处理技术,对电子显微镜扫描图像进行识别、分割和量化。分析了碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)结构筋皮界面损伤的特性和机理,对提高复合材料结构的可靠性和耐久性具有重要意义。
An alytical vibration a alysis of thermally loaded doubly curved shells reinforced with graphene origami metamaterials on Kerr foundation
Ehsan Arshid, Ömer Civalek
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119847
克尔地基上石墨烯折纸材料增强双弯曲壳热载荷振动分析
This study presents a novel an alytical investigation into the free vibration behavior of doubly curved panels composed of graphene-origami metamaterials (GOMMs), resting on a Kerr-type elastic foundation and exposed to a thermal environment. The model captures the mechanical complexity of GOMM-based composite shells by incorporating spatially varying metamaterial distributions, variable folding degrees, and thermomechanical coupling. The First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) is employed to formulate the displacement field, while the governing equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle. Navier’s solution approach is adopted to solve the resulting eigenvalue problem under simply supported boundary conditions. Various GOMM distribution patterns—including Uniform, Symmetric-A, Symmetric-B, Nonsymmetric, and functionally graded layouts—are examined concerning thermal effects, foundation stiffness, and geometric parameters. Results reveal that both the natural frequencies and their sensitivity to thermal and mechanical parameters are significantly influenced by the folding degree and spatial configuration of GOMMs. Among all patterns, the Symmetric-A and A-type graded distributions deliver the highest stiffness and thermal resilience, while nonsymmetric and X-patterns offer enhanced tunability. These findings offer critical insights for the design of thermally stable, vibration-controlled structures in aerospace, mechanical, and s mart adaptive systems where lightweight and tunable performance are essential.
本研究对基于kerr型弹性基础并暴露于热环境中的石墨烯折纸超材料(GOMMs)构成的双弯曲板的自由振动行为进行了新的分析研究。该模型通过结合空间变化的超材料分布、可变折叠度和热-机械耦合来捕获基于gomm的复合材料壳的力学复杂性。位移场采用一阶剪切变形理论(FSDT),运动控制方程采用Hamilton原理推导。在简支边界条件下,采用Navier的求解方法求解得到的特征值问题。各种GOMM分布模式-包括均匀,对称- a,对称- b,非对称和功能分级布局-检查有关热效应,基础刚度和几何参数。结果表明,复合材料的折叠程度和空间构型对固有频率及其对热、力学参数的敏感性均有显著影响。在所有模式中,对称a型和a型梯度分布提供最高的刚度和热弹性,而非对称和x型提供增强的可调性。这些发现为航空航天、机械和智能自适应系统中热稳定、振动控制结构的设计提供了重要见解,这些系统的轻量化和可调性能至关重要。
A novel polymer composite powder sheet technology for additive manufacturing: Recyclability and performance evaluation
Haoxiang Li, Zhiyuan Ma, Xuhang Zhao, Rocco Lupoi, Fei Chen, Jun Liu, Wenyou Zhang, Liqun Zhang
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109418
一种用于增材制造的新型聚合物复合粉末片材技术:可回收性和性能评价
Laser beam powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a widely used metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) process but faces safety and cross-contamination risks from loose powders. Metal Additive Manufacturing using Powder Sheet (MAPS) addresses these issues by using metal particles bound in polymer sheets, reducing powder handling hazards. However, powder sheet recycling remains unexplored. This study investigates the effects of recycling on the thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties of recycled SS304 powder sheets and their impact on MAPS-printed parts. Thermogravimetric an alysis showed that 50 % and 100 % recycled sheets retained over 95 % metallic content and thermal stability comparable to fresh sheets. Mechanical testing revealed that 50 % recycled sheets achieved the highest tensile strength and ductility due to a synergistic microstructure from mixing fresh and recycled particles. MAPS-printed components using recycled sheets reached > 99.80 % relative density, with consistent microhardness and internal microstructure compared to parts from fresh sheets. These results demonstrate that recycling powder sheets preserves or enhances feedstock performance while improving sustainability and material efficiency, supporting MAPS as a scalable, safer, and environmentally responsible alternative for metal AM.
激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)是一种广泛应用的金属增材制造(AM)工艺,但存在粉末松散带来的安全性和交叉污染风险。使用粉末片材的金属增材制造(MAPS)通过使用结合在聚合物片材中的金属颗粒来解决这些问题,减少粉末处理的危害。然而,粉末板材的回收利用仍未被探索。本研究探讨了回收对回收的SS304粉末板的热、化学和机械性能的影响,以及它们对maps打印部件的影响。热重分析表明,50% %和100% %的回收板材保留了95% %以上的金属含量和热稳定性,与新鲜板材相当。机械测试表明,50% %的回收板材由于混合新鲜颗粒和回收颗粒的协同微观结构而达到了最高的拉伸强度和延展性。使用回收板材的map打印组件相对密度达到 > 99.80 %,与新鲜板材的部件相比,具有一致的显微硬度和内部微观结构。这些结果表明,回收粉末板保留或提高了原料性能,同时提高了可持续性和材料效率,支持MAPS作为可扩展、更安全、更环保的金属增材制造替代品。
Gradient structural foam-coated fabric for ultra-low reflection electromagnetic interference shielding
Feifei Zhang, Hongsen Long, Wenke Yang, Zhili Lu, Hu Liu, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109414
用于超低反射电磁干扰屏蔽的梯度结构泡沫涂层织物
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with ultra-low reflection are critical to mitigate secondary pollution in high-frequency communication systems. Here, we report a novel gradient structural foam-coated fabric that achieves absorption-dominated EMI shielding through an impedance-matching design. By employing layer-by-layer assembly and freeze-drying techniques, we sequentially coated thermoplastic polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube (TM) and thermoplastic polyurethane/nickel-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube (TMNi) composite foam layers onto a polyimide/silver (PIAg) conductive nanofiber fabric. The PIAg layer functionalized with silver nanoparticles ensures high electrical conductivity for superior EMI shielding, while the TMNi layer optimizes impedance matching for efficient electromagnetic wave penetration. Furthermore, the gradient porous structure of the TMNi-TM layers enables multiple dissipation mechanis ms, including reflections within the porous network, interfacial polarization losses, and an ultralow reflection (R = 0.03) at the PIAg fabric interface. This rational design yields outstanding shielding performance, with 63.2 dB EMI shielding effectiveness and ultralow reflection, ideal for electrode protection and wireless trans mission shielding. Additionaly, the incorporated nickel components induce localized surface plas mon resonance, endowing the fabric with significant photothermal conversion capability. This work establishes a new paradigm for designing ultra-low reflection EMI shielding fabrics, specifically tailored to meet the needs of next-generation communication systems.
超低反射电磁干扰屏蔽材料是抑制高频通信系统二次污染的关键。在这里,我们报告了一种新的梯度结构泡沫涂层织物,通过阻抗匹配设计实现吸收主导的电磁干扰屏蔽。采用逐层组装和冷冻干燥技术,将热塑性聚氨酯/多壁碳纳米管(TM)和热塑性聚氨酯/镍装饰的多壁碳纳米管(TMNi)复合泡沫层依次涂覆在聚酰亚胺/银(PIAg)导电纳米纤维织物上。用纳米银功能化的PIAg层确保了高导电性,实现了卓越的电磁干扰屏蔽,而TMNi层优化了阻抗匹配,实现了高效的电磁波穿透。此外,tni - tm层的梯度多孔结构实现了多种耗散机制,包括多孔网络内的反射、界面极化损耗以及PIAg织物界面处的超低反射(R = 0.03)。这种合理的设计产生了出色的屏蔽性能,具有63.2 dB的EMI屏蔽效率和超低反射,是电极保护和无线传输屏蔽的理想选择。此外,加入的镍成分诱导局部表面等离子体共振,赋予织物显著的光热转换能力。这项工作为设计超低反射EMI屏蔽结构建立了一个新的范例,专门为满足下一代通信系统的需求而定制。
Electromechanical response of Hyperelastic-Piezoelectric composites using Direct FE2 multiscale modeling
Akanae Chattrairat, Yeampon Nakaramontri, Juthanee Phromjan, Frank Clemens, Sontipee Aimmanee
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109416
基于Direct FE2多尺度建模的超弹性压电复合材料机电响应
Piezoelectric soft materials generating electrical signals in response to mechanical deformation have been of great interest over the past decade, owing to their potential applications in human activity sensing and energy harvesting. In this study, a multiscale Direct FE2 method is introduced to investigate the electromechanical behavior of hyperelastic composites reinforced with piezoelectric BaTiO3 inclusions—a scenario not readily addressed by sequential multiscale modeling due to the simultaneous presence of hyperelasticity and piezoelectricity. The study explores variations in inclusion volume fractions, geometries, and alignment orientations for stretchable sensor applications. A two-dimensional square material domain and a soft gripper structure are an alyzed, concurrently in the macroscale and microscale representative volume element of the composite. The results for circular inclusions demonstrate that this highly efficient multiscale approach yields accurate predictions that align closely with an alytical solutions. Under uniaxial loading conditions, the electromechanical properties exhibit nonlinear behavior as the inclusion volume fraction and shape aspect ratio change, while shear deformation has a negligible effect. The rectangular fiber-like piezoelectric inclusions significantly enhance electric potential, with the highest values observed at a 90° alignment, outperforming other less asymmetrical aspect ratios, including circular inclusions. Additionally, aligning inclusions along the electrical poling direction is not always optimal, depending on the applied loading mode—tension, compression, or shear. Notably, at a fiber orientation of 54.74° relative to the principal stress direction, the composite’s mechanical and electrical responses become indistinguishable from those of randomly oriented inclusions. These findings provide valuable insights into the ferroelectric behavior of soft hybridized solids, contributing to the advancement of materials for applications in robotic systems and flexible electromechanical devices.
在过去的十年里,由于压电软材料在人类活动传感和能量收集方面的潜在应用,它们对机械变形产生电信号的反应引起了人们的极大兴趣。在这项研究中,引入了一种多尺度直接FE2方法来研究由压电BaTiO3夹杂物增强的超弹性复合材料的机电行为——由于同时存在超弹性和压电性,这种情况不容易通过顺序多尺度建模来解决。该研究探讨了可拉伸传感器应用中夹杂物体积分数、几何形状和取向的变化。对二维方形材料域和软夹持结构进行了宏观尺度和微观尺度的复合材料代表性体积元分析。圆形夹杂物的结果表明,这种高效的多尺度方法产生了与分析解决方案密切相关的准确预测。在单轴加载条件下,随着夹杂物体积分数和形状长径比的变化,材料的机电性能表现为非线性,剪切变形的影响可以忽略不计。矩形纤维状压电内含物显著增强了电势,在90°排列时观察到的最高值优于其他不对称宽高比,包括圆形内含物。此外,根据所施加的加载模式——拉伸、压缩或剪切,沿电杆方向对齐夹杂物并不总是最佳的。值得注意的是,当纤维取向相对于主应力方向为54.74°时,复合材料的机械和电响应与随机取向的夹杂物难以区分。这些发现为软杂化固体的铁电行为提供了有价值的见解,有助于在机器人系统和柔性机电设备中应用材料的进步。
Enhanced interfacial and impact properties of Ti/CF/PEEK hybrid laminates via polydopamine-modified carbon nanotubes
Ding Yuan, Yong Li, Runnan Ma, Wenbin Zhou, Jianwei Li, Limin Gao
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109412
聚多巴胺修饰碳纳米管增强Ti/CF/PEEK杂化层合板的界面和冲击性能
A new one-step process for enhancing the interfacial adhesion of Ti/CF/PEEK hybrid laminates has been proposed, by introducing a network structure with functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) between titanium and PEEK via polydopamine (PDA), achieving mechanical locking, physical and chemical bonding at the same time. The effectiveness of the proposed process has been explored by preparing specimens with different CNT concentrations. Based on short beam shear (S BS) and low velocity impact (LVI) tests, the mechanis m and effect of PDA + CNT surface treatment on the shear and impact properties of laminates have been an alyzed. A significant increase (94.3 %) of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) is achieved with only 0.75 wt% concentration of carbon nanotubes when compared with the specimen with pretreatment only. The enhancement mechanis ms have been explained by micro-morphology, apparent wettability and chemical an alyses, providing theoretical guidance for the preparation of interfacially enhanced Ti/CF/PEEK hybrid laminates. In addition, the LVI behavior of the laminates at different impact energy levels indicate that the CNT network improves the load transfer mechanis m at the Ti-PEEK interface and changes the impact failure mode of the laminates, and the treated specimens have higher initial failure threshold (about 8.7 %), s maller internal damage and energy absorption while maintaining the structural integrity after impact.
提出了一种通过聚多巴胺(PDA)在钛和PEEK之间引入功能化碳纳米管(CNTs)网络结构,同时实现机械锁定、物理和化学结合的方法,从而提高钛/CF/PEEK杂化层合板界面粘附力的新方法。通过制备不同碳纳米管浓度的样品,探索了所提出过程的有效性。基于短梁剪切(S BS)和低速冲击(LVI)试验,分析了PDA + 碳纳米管表面处理对层合板剪切和冲击性能的作用机理及影响。当碳纳米管浓度为0.75 wt%时,与仅进行预处理的样品相比,层间剪切强度(ILSS)显著增加(94.3 %)。从微观形貌、表观润湿性和化学分析等方面解释了增强机理,为制备界面增强Ti/CF/PEEK杂化层压板提供了理论指导。此外,不同冲击能量水平下层合材料的LVI行为表明,碳纳米管网络改善了Ti-PEEK界面的载荷传递机制,改变了层合材料的冲击破坏模式,处理后的层合材料具有更高的初始破坏阈值(约8.7% %)、更小的内部损伤和能量吸收,同时保持了结构的完整性。
DLP-Printed Microstructured Sensors with Enhanced Sensitivity for Wearable Physiological
Yi Ru, Lijun Dong, Ru Jia, Jing Wang, Lanlan Dong, Aiyiti Wurikaixi, Cijun Shuai
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113169
基于dlp打印的可穿戴生理学微结构传感器
Flexible capacitive pressure sensors have attracted significant attention owing to their simple structure and performance. However, the limited volumetric deformation of traditional planar dielectric layers under pressure severely restricts sensitivity improvement. In this study, we developed a high-performance flexible sensor based a 3D-printed microstructured hydrogel composed of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), and lithium chloride (LiCl). An exposure regulation strategy maintained optimal curing energy (100–200 mJ/cm2) by reducing exposure time by 30–50% with every 5 mW/cm2 increase in light intensity. By precisely engineering the microneedle aspect ratio (H/D = 2:1), synergistic optimization of sensitivity across broad pressure ranges was achieved: 0.31 kPa-1 in the low-pressure regime (0–6 kPa) and 0.11 kPa-1 in the high-pressure regime (30–160 kPa), which was 3-5 times higher than that of the flat structure. Notably, the cross-sectional shape has a significantly impacts on sensitivity. The triangular cross-sectional design exhibited an enhanced sensitivity of 1.03 kPa-1 in the low-pressure range and maintained 0.56 kPa-1 in the high-pressure region—representing a 400% enhancement over elliptical or square structures. The sensor also demonstrated environmental adaptability from -40 °C to 40 °C, long-term durability (600 cycles), and fast response times (65 ms). These features enable real-time monitoring of diverse physiological signals (e.g., pulse, respiration, and muscle motion), as well as individual identification through handwriting pattern recognition—highlighting its potential for personalized health monitoring, s mart wearables, human-machine interfaces, and secure authentication systems.
柔性电容式压力传感器以其结构简单、性能优越而备受关注。然而,传统平面介质层在压力作用下有限的体积变形严重制约了灵敏度的提高。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种基于3d打印的微结构水凝胶的高性能柔性传感器,该水凝胶由聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)、n -羟乙基丙烯酰胺(HEAA)和氯化锂(LiCl)组成。曝光调节策略通过每增加5 mW/cm2的光强,将曝光时间减少30-50%来保持最佳的固化能量(100-200 mJ/cm2)。通过精确设计微针长径比(H/D = 2:1),实现了宽压力范围内灵敏度的协同优化:低压状态(0-6 kPa)为0.31 kPa-1,高压状态(30-160 kPa)为0.11 kPa-1,比扁平结构高3-5倍。值得注意的是,截面形状对灵敏度有显著影响。三角形截面设计在低压范围内的灵敏度提高了1.03 kPa-1,在高压区域保持了0.56 kPa-1,比椭圆或方形结构提高了400%。该传感器还具有-40°C至40°C的环境适应性,长期耐用性(600次循环)和快速响应时间(65 ms)。这些功能可以实时监测各种生理信号(如脉搏、呼吸和肌肉运动),以及通过手写模式识别进行个人识别,突出了其在个性化健康监测、智能可穿戴设备、人机界面和安全认证系统方面的潜力。
High-performance and geometrically complex parts via co-extrusion additive manufacturing of multi-scale continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites
Mathieu Verville, Daniel Therriault
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113179
通过共挤出增材制造多尺度连续碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料的高性能和几何复杂零件
Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Additive Manufacturing (CFRP-AM) often aims to significantly improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts. In this paper, we develop a CFRP-AM infrastructure able to print continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA-SCCF) via co-extrusion (i.e., extrusion-based in-situ combination of the thermoplastic matrix and the continuous fibers reinforcement). This infrastructure uses a 6-axis robot to move a co-extrusion printhead over a heated printing bed, and is controlled using a custom-made slicing process. A curved thin-walled vase and a multi-material sandwich panel are made in a single manufacturing step to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed infrastructure. Their geometrical fidelity is measured and their deviations from the reference model are both < 1%. Micro-computerized tomography scans ( μ CT) are performed to evaluate the micro and meso-structure of printed composite flat beams. Continuous fibers represent ∼ 44 vol.% ( ∼ 58 wt%) of the composite while voids and porosities represent 0.4 vol.% and 7.9 vol.%, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and stiffness along the principal direction ( E 1 ) are tested for unidirectional flat beams and measured at 854 MPa and 29.5 GPa, representing 16 × and 6.4 × increases when compared to a part reinforced with ∼ 3.4 vol.% ( ∼ 4.5 wt%) short carbon fibers only, of an average aspect ratio of ∼ 21. The developed co-extrusion CFRP-AM infrastructure could find applications in load-bearing applications where complex part geometries are a requirement, such as the automotive and aerospace industries.
连续纤维增强聚合物增材制造(CFRP-AM)通常旨在显著提高3D打印部件的机械性能。在本文中,我们开发了一种CFRP-AM基础设施,能够通过共挤出(即热塑性基质和连续纤维增强物的挤出原位组合)打印连续碳纤维增强聚乳酸(PLA-SCCF)。该基础设施使用6轴机器人在加热的打印床上移动共挤出打印头,并使用定制的切片工艺进行控制。弯曲的薄壁花瓶和多材料夹层板是在一个制造步骤中制造出来的,以展示拟议的基础设施的能力。测量了它们的几何保真度,它们与参考模型的偏差都小于1%。采用微计算机断层扫描(μ CT)对印刷复合材料平板梁的细观和细观结构进行了评价。连续纤维占复合材料的约44 vol.%(约58 wt%),而空隙和孔隙率分别占0.4% vol.%和7.9% vol.%。单向平梁的极限抗拉强度(UTS)和刚度沿主方向(e1)进行了测试,并在854 MPa和29.5 GPa下进行了测量,与仅使用~ 3.4体积% (~ 4.5 wt%)短碳纤维增强的部件相比,分别增加了16倍和6.4倍,平均长径比为~ 21。开发的共挤压CFRP-AM基础设施可以在要求复杂零件几何形状的承重应用中找到应用,例如汽车和航空航天工业。
Boron-silicon hybrid phenolic composites modified by Ti3AlC2 MAX phase and microcapsules for wide-temperature, long-duration thermal protection
Lei Chen, Xue Nie, Pingxia Zhang, Qian Wang, Congyan Hu, Zixuan Lei, Zhenhua Luo, Tong Zhao
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113183
由Ti3AlC2 MAX相和微胶囊改性的硼硅杂化酚醛复合材料用于宽温度、长时间的热保护
To overcome the limitations of conventional phenolic resin (PR) in maintaining thermal blocking effect above 1000 °C in hypersonic thermal protection systems, a boron-silicon hybrid phenolic resin (BS) was synthesized. Two modified resins were developed to tailor pyrolysis behavior for enhanced thermal blocking: the first resin (BS M) was reinforced by direct incorporation of Ti3AlC2 ceramic into BS, while the second resin (BS MC) was modified by incorporating Ti3AlC2@SiO2 core-shell microcapsules into BS. BS M exhibited multi-stage pyrolysis involving carbothermal and borothermal reductions, enabling continuous decomposition and persistent CO release between 1100 and 1800 °C. BS MC delayed the onset of pyrolysis by approximately 200 °C due to microcapsule-regulated ceramization. Both systems showed excellent thermal stability, with BS M maintaining steady-state pyrolysis for 1200 s at 1200-1400 °C and BS MC for the same duration at 1400 °C. In 200 s oxy-butane ablation tests, CF/BS M3 and CF/BS MC2 composites exhibited linear ablation rates of 0.0011 mm/s and 0.0005 mm/s, representing 42.1% and 73.7% reductions versus CF/PR, respectively. CF/BS M3 achieved enhanced gas-phase thermal blocking through high-temperature CO release, reducing the backside temperature by 33% and suppressing carbon fiber oxidation. Conversely, CF/BS MC2 relied on microcapsule-enabled antioxidant functions and ceramic-shell thermal barriers to retard temperature rise and preserve fiber integrity. These results demonstrate that gas-phase thermal blocking enabled by controlled multi-stage pyrolysis significantly improves thermal protection under extreme conditions, providing both theoretical guidance and material design strategies for active TPS development in hypersonic environments.
为了克服传统酚醛树脂(PR)在高超声速热防护系统中维持1000℃以上热阻效应的局限性,合成了硼硅杂化酚醛树脂(BS)。开发了两种改性树脂来调整热解行为以增强热阻隔:第一种树脂(BS M)通过直接将Ti3AlC2陶瓷掺入BS来增强,而第二种树脂(BS MC)通过将Ti3AlC2@SiO2核壳微胶囊掺入BS来改性。BS M表现出多阶段热解,包括碳热还原和硼热还原,在1100 ~ 1800℃之间持续分解和持续释放CO。由于微胶囊调节的陶化,BS MC将热解的开始推迟了大约200°C。两种体系均表现出优异的热稳定性,BS M在1200-1400℃下可保持1200 s的稳态热解,BS MC在1400℃下可保持相同的热解时间。在200 s的正丁烷烧蚀试验中,CF/BS M3和CF/BS MC2复合材料的线性烧蚀速率分别为0.0011 mm/s和0.0005 mm/s,比CF/PR分别降低42.1%和73.7%。CF/BS M3通过高温CO释放实现了增强的气相热阻塞,降低了33%的背面温度,抑制了碳纤维的氧化。相反,CF/BS MC2依靠微胶囊的抗氧化功能和陶瓷壳热障来延缓温度上升并保持纤维完整性。这些结果表明,通过控制多段热解实现气相热阻断,显著提高了极端条件下的热防护能力,为高超声速环境下主动TPS的开发提供了理论指导和材料设计策略。
A novel PEO-based composite solid-state electrolyte modified by ion conducting Cr3C2 for lithium metal batteries
Rui Cao, Haihua Wang, Yong-Mook Kang, Chaoxian Chen
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111432
锂金属电池用离子导电Cr3C2改性peo基复合固态电解质
PEO-based polymer solid-state electrolytes have attracted significant traction in solid-state lithium metal batteries owing to their flexibility and preeminent lithium ions transfer capability. However, their progress has been constrained by limited ion conductivity, poor mechanical properties, and unstable interfaces. In this study, we incorporated the inorganic filler Cr3C2 into PEO and blended it with the plasticizer succinonitrile (SN), thereby developing PEO-based composite solid-state electrolytes that exhibit superior electrochemical performance. The synergistic effect of Cr3C2 and PEO restricts the movement of lithium salt anions through chemical bonds, thereby creating more active space for efficient lithium-ion transport and improving the lithium transference number (tLi+). The PCN5 electrolyte exhibits excellent room temperature lithium-ion migration of 0.96 and superior ionic conductivity over an extensive temperature range (25 °C∼80 °C). Moreover, the LFP|PCN5|Li cell delivers discharge capacity of 165.3 mAh g−1 and retains 70.6% of its original capacity after 500 cycles when tested at 60°C. Furthermore, the Li|PCN|Li cell operates stably over 5000 hours at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 owing to the improved mechanical properties from hydrogen bonding between Cr3C2 and PEO along with lithium dendrites suppressing effect of SN, which ensures long-term cycling performance. These results may position the PCN electrolyte as a viable option for next-generation solid-state lithium metal batteries.
peo基聚合物固态电解质由于其灵活性和优异的锂离子传输能力,在固态锂金属电池中引起了很大的关注。然而,它们的进展受到离子电导率有限、机械性能差和界面不稳定的限制。在本研究中,我们将无机填料Cr3C2加入到PEO中,并与增塑剂丁二腈(SN)共混,从而开发出具有优异电化学性能的PEO基复合固态电解质。Cr3C2与PEO的协同作用限制了锂盐阴离子通过化学键的移动,从而为锂离子的高效传递创造了更活跃的空间,提高了锂离子转移数(tLi+)。PCN5电解质在室温下的锂离子迁移率为0.96,在广泛的温度范围内(25°C ~ 80°C)具有优异的离子电导率。此外,LFP|PCN5|锂电池在60°C下测试时,放电容量为165.3 mAh g - 1,并在500次循环后保持其原始容量的70.6%。此外,由于Cr3C2和PEO之间的氢键作用以及SN对锂枝晶的抑制作用,Li|PCN|锂电池在0.1 mA cm−2的电流密度下稳定运行了5000小时以上,从而保证了锂枝晶的长期循环性能。这些结果可能使PCN电解质成为下一代固态锂金属电池的可行选择。
Janus Particles Stabilized Waterborne Epoxy Coatings for Switchable Electromagnetic Manipulation
Chao Jiang, Pei-Zhu Jiang, Hao-Bin Zhang, Xiaoqing Liu, Fuxin Liang
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111443
用于可切换电磁操作的Janus颗粒稳定水性环氧涂料
Modern electronic communication requires ideal electromagnetic manipulation materials urgently to guarantee the high quality of communication and the stable function of electronic devices. Thin epoxy-based composite coatings are potential candidates that are still limited by the efficiency and convenience of building functional filler networks inside. Sustainable development also calls for new techniques to prepare the waterborne epoxy coatings, especially those with multiple functions. Here, an efficient and general method was developed to fabricate multifunctional waterborne epoxy coatings based on the amphiphilic Janus particles (JPs) stabilized Pickering emulsion. JPs were used to stabilize the oil-in-water epoxy emulsions and were anchored at the interface. Thereafter, JPs remained at the interface and resulted in a characteristic bilayer JPs network. This JP’s network acts as the platform for functions or assistance to build a conductive MXene nanosheet network. The conductive network is in the morphology of a coverage-adjustable cage by varying the content of fillers. Electromagnetic manipulation performance of the coatings is thus switchable between wave absorbing and interference shielding as the conductive network shifts between a defective-cage and a closed-cage structure. The minimum reflection loss at 1.8 mm reached -25 dB in the absorbing on state and the total electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness reached 23 dB in the shielding on state.
现代电子通信迫切需要理想的电磁操纵材料,以保证高质量的通信和电子设备的稳定功能。薄环氧基复合涂料是潜在的候选者,但仍然受到内部构建功能性填料网络的效率和便利性的限制。可持续发展对水性环氧涂料特别是多功能水性环氧涂料的制备提出了新的要求。本文研究了一种基于两亲性Janus颗粒(JPs)稳定皮克林乳液制备多功能水性环氧涂料的方法。JPs用于稳定水包油环氧乳液,并锚定在界面处。此后,jp一直停留在界面上,形成了具有特征的双层jp网络。该JP的网络作为功能平台或辅助平台来构建导电的MXene纳米片网络。通过改变填充物的含量,导电网络呈覆盖可调笼状。因此,当导电网络在缺陷笼和封闭笼结构之间转换时,涂层的电磁操纵性能可以在吸波和屏蔽干扰之间切换。在吸收导通状态下,1.8 mm处的最小反射损耗达到-25 dB,在屏蔽导通状态下,总电磁干扰屏蔽效能达到23 dB。
Fluorine-containing meta-aramid modified low dielectric, hydrophobic aramid paper
Yifan Hu, Qiuyue Zuo, Haowei Li, Lan Lei, Chunjie Xie, Hui Li
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111444
含氟间位芳纶改性低介电疏水性芳纶纸
Aramid paper with excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance and electrical insulation properties has a wide range of applications. However, traditional aramid paper still has problems such as easy moisture absorption and high dielectric constant, which to some extent limit its application in new fields, such as 5G/6G communication and wearable flexible devices. In this work, fluorine-containing meta-aramid solution was prepared. Different concentrations of fluorine-containing meta-aramid solutions were used to coat commercial aramid paper by scraping. Finally, a series of aramid papers modified by fluorine-containing aramid solution were obtained through drying treatment. The basic parameters and performances of commercial aramid paper and modified composite paper, including the appearance, microstructure, mechanical properties, dielectric properties and moisture absorption properties, were tested and characterized in detail. The results show that, the tensile strength of the composite paper can reach more than 80 MPa, far exceeding that of the unmodified commercial aramid paper. Furthermore, the composite paper exhibited low dielectric constant (1.90) and dielectric loss (0.01). The surface hydrophobicity and moisture resistance of composite aramid paper have been significantly improved when compared with the commercial aramid paper. Based on the method proposed in this work, the composite aramid paper has excellent characteristics such as low dielectric constant, hydrophobicity and low moisture absorption, and is expected to meet the strict requirements for aramid paper materials in multiple fields in the future. Furthermore, the technological process of this paper is relatively simple and is expected to be applied in industrial production in the future.
芳纶纸具有优异的机械性能、耐热性和电绝缘性能,具有广泛的应用前景。但传统芳纶纸仍存在易吸湿、介电常数高等问题,在一定程度上限制了其在5G/6G通信、可穿戴柔性设备等新领域的应用。本文制备了含氟间位芳纶溶液。采用不同浓度的含氟间位芳纶溶液对商品芳纶纸进行刮涂。最后,对含氟芳纶溶液进行干燥处理,得到了一系列芳纶纸。对商用芳纶纸和改性复合纸的外观、微观结构、力学性能、介电性能和吸湿性能等基本参数和性能进行了测试和表征。结果表明,复合纸的抗拉强度可达80 MPa以上,远远超过未改性的商用芳纶纸。此外,复合纸具有较低的介电常数(1.90)和介电损耗(0.01)。与普通芳纶纸相比,复合芳纶纸的表面疏水性和耐湿性有了明显提高。基于本文提出的方法,复合芳纶纸具有低介电常数、疏水性、低吸湿性等优异特性,有望满足未来多个领域对芳纶纸材料的严格要求。此外,本文的工艺流程相对简单,有望在未来的工业生产中得到应用。
Biomimetic all-fiber hierarchical multiscale composite aerogels for multifunctional thermal, acoustic, and oil absorption applications
Yanyan Wang, Xiaoqing Yin, Nan Pang, Xiaomin Yuan, Quan Han, Meijie Yu, Chengguo Wang, Chuanjian Zhou
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111445
仿生全纤维分层多尺度复合气凝胶,用于多功能热、声学和吸油应用
As modern industry develops, the demand for multifunctional and structurally robust organic composite aerogels has grown, but conventional counterparts remain mechanically fragile and functionally limited. Inspired by the hierarchical multiscale structure of bird nests, this work proposes a structurally stable and multifunctional all-fiber multiscale composite aerogel (MCA) design strategy. By tuning the dissociation degree of aramid fibers (AF), multiscale aramid fibers (MAF) with an ultrabroad diameter distribution were innovatively obtained and co-assembled with electrospun polyimide nanofibers (PINF) into a nest-like composite network with fiber diameters spanning nanometers to micrometers. The self-assembly of aramid nanofibers (ANF) and the interweaving of multiscale fibers significantly enhance mechanical robustness, achieving synergistic improvements in compression, flexibility, and stretchability. The open hierarchical porous structure enabled low thermal conductivity (28.3–32.6 mW m−1 K−1), broad-frequency high-efficiency sound absorption (coefficient > 0.9 from 1920 to 6400 Hz), and exceptional oil absorption (over 107 times its weight), outperforming most reported aerogels. Moreover, the MCA remains stable from −196 to 500 °C and enables tunable infrared camouflage through low-emissivity coatings. The MCA developed in this work combines excellent mechanical performance with multifunctionality, providing a structurally stable, facile, and high-performance design approach for advanced aerogels.
随着现代工业的发展,对多功能和结构坚固的有机复合气凝胶的需求不断增长,但传统的气凝胶仍然是机械脆弱和功能有限的。受燕窝分层多尺度结构的启发,本文提出了一种结构稳定、多功能的全纤维多尺度复合气凝胶(MCA)设计策略。通过调整芳纶纤维(AF)的解离度,创新地获得了具有超宽直径分布的多尺度芳纶纤维(MAF),并与静电纺聚酰亚胺纳米纤维(PINF)共组装成纤维直径跨越纳米至微米的巢状复合网络。芳纶纳米纤维(ANF)的自组装和多尺度纤维的交织显著增强了机械稳健性,实现了压缩、柔韧性和拉伸性的协同改善。开放的层次化多孔结构具有低导热系数(28.3-32.6 mW m−1 K−1)、高频高效吸声(系数>.9,从1920到6400 Hz)和出色的吸油性能(超过其重量的107倍),优于大多数报道的气凝胶。此外,MCA在- 196至500°C范围内保持稳定,并通过低发射率涂层实现可调红外伪装。在这项工作中开发的MCA结合了优异的机械性能和多功能,为先进的气凝胶提供了结构稳定、方便和高性能的设计方法。