今日更新：Composite Structures 3 篇，Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 3 篇，Composites Part B: Engineering 10 篇，Composites Science and Technology 1 篇Composite StructuresLamb waves in piezoelectric quasicrystal multi-layered nano-plates with imperfect interfacesXinxin Wang, Jiangong Yu, Bo Zhang, Lahoucine Elmaimouni, Liangjuan Lidoi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119430具有不完美界面的压电准晶体多层纳米板中的Lamb波The Legendre polynomial approach commonly utilizes the rectangular window function to address the boundary conditions. When it comes to solving multi-layered structures, especially when considering imperfect interfaces, its solving procedure is extremely complicated and laborious. Therefore, an analytical integration method using Legendre polynomial expansion of boundary conditions is proposed. The control equations and boundary conditions are individually polynomially expanded separately to derive the characteristic systems. The influence of imperfect interfaces on dispersion curves, electromechanical coupling coefficients, phonon-phason coupling effect, non-local effect, and piezoelectric effect are investigated. In addition, a finite element model for waves in piezoelectric quasicrystal layered nano-plates is developed for the first time, whose results are highly convergent with those of the proposed polynomial method. The computational efficiency of the proposed Legendre polynomial method is over 99 % and 98 % higher than that of the available Legendre polynomial method and the finite element method, respectively. Some new cases are explored: The imperfect interfaces and phonon-phason coupling reduce the electromechanical coupling effect, while the non-local effect increases it. For phonon modes, imperfect interfaces suppress the piezoelectric effect while enhancing non-local and phonon-phason coupling effects. These basic studies can provide direction for the development of high-performance piezoelectric quasicrystal devices.勒让德多项式法通常利用矩形窗函数来处理边界条件。在求解多层结构时，特别是在考虑不完全界面的情况下，其求解过程极其复杂和费力。因此，提出了一种利用边界条件的勒让德多项式展开的解析积分方法。分别对控制方程和边界条件进行多项式展开，推导出特征系统。研究了不完美界面对色散曲线、机电耦合系数、声子-相位耦合效应、非局部效应和压电效应的影响。此外，本文还首次建立了压电准晶层状纳米板的波的有限元模型，其结果与所提出的多项式方法的结果具有高度收敛性。与现有的Legendre多项式法和有限元法相比，本文提出的Legendre多项式法的计算效率分别提高了99 %和98 %以上。探索了一些新的情况：不完善的界面和声子-相位耦合降低了机电耦合效应，而非局部效应增加了机电耦合效应。对于声子模式，不完美的界面抑制了压电效应，同时增强了非局部和声子-相位耦合效应。这些基础研究可以为高性能压电准晶器件的发展提供方向。An adaptive two-scale model for phase-field fracture simulation in microstructured materialsDomenico Ammendolea, Fabrizio Greco, Lorenzo Leonetti, Paolo Lonetti, Arturo Pascuzzodoi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119434微结构材料相场断裂模拟的自适应双尺度模型The aim of this work is to present an efficient two-scale adaptive model for phase-field fracture in heterogeneous structures, which accurately reproduce cracking processes while ensuring good computational efficiency. The proposed model combines a cohesive phase-field fracture approach, known for its ability to capture complex crack patterns, with an adaptive model refinement technique implemented within a Finite Element (FE) framework. The key feature of this strategy is its capability to dynamically refine the model in critical regions, where microscopic damage evolution is expected, through the adaptive insertion of damageable microscale domains once a certain damage-driven activation criterion is met. This feature reduces the typically high computational costs of purely microscopic phase-field fracture models without compromising accuracy. Outside the critical regions, the proposed model adopts a classical numerical homogenization approach to derive the effective elastic properties of the underlying undamaged microstructure. The efficacy of the proposed methodology has been assessed through comparisons with experimental data and numerical outcomes available in technical literature. The present results underscore the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive two-scale model for phase-field fracture as a robust tool for simulating damage and failure phenomena in a wide range of materials and structures used in common engineering applications.本研究的目的是提出一种高效的双尺度自适应非均质结构相场断裂模型，该模型在保证良好的计算效率的同时准确地再现了断裂过程。该模型结合了内聚相场断裂方法（以其捕获复杂裂纹模式的能力而闻名）和在有限元（FE）框架内实现的自适应模型改进技术。该策略的关键特征是，一旦满足一定的损伤驱动激活准则，通过自适应插入可损伤的微尺度域，在预期微观损伤演化的关键区域动态改进模型的能力。这一特点在不影响精度的情况下，降低了纯微观相场裂缝模型的计算成本。在临界区域之外，该模型采用经典的数值均匀化方法推导出底层未损伤微观结构的有效弹性特性。通过与技术文献中可用的实验数据和数值结果进行比较，评估了所提出方法的有效性。目前的结果强调了所提出的相场断裂自适应双尺度模型的有效性，作为一种强大的工具，可以模拟常见工程应用中广泛使用的材料和结构的损伤和破坏现象。Exfoliation and characterisation of 2D ultrathin borophene nanosheets and their synergetic performance with AgNWs for sensor applicationGhayas Uddin Siddiqui, Seung-Hwan Changdoi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119435二维超薄硼罗芬纳米片的剥离和表征及其与AgNWs的协同性能The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials has accelerated the development of functional electronic devices, particularly stretchable and wearable devices. Among emerging 2D materials, borophene, an allotrope of boron, has attracted considerable interest because of its remarkable mechanical, electrical, and piezoresistive qualities. Despite its use in many applications, borophene is yet to be used in strain sensors. This study adopted a liquid exfoliation method consisting of wet-grinding-assisted ultrasonication and demonstrated its effectiveness in obtaining ultrathin borophene nanosheets. These exfoliated borophene nanosheets were used to fabricate a nanocomposite with one-dimensional (1D) silver nanowires (AgNWs) as a sensing layer sandwiched between two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers to fabricate a tensile strain sensor. This unique nanocomposite of 2D and 1D nanomaterials demonstrated outstanding strain-dependent resistive behaviour, with a gauge factor of 5.17 at 10 % strain, rising exponentially to approximately 90 at 40 % strain. The sensor exhibited excellent recovery and repeatability, confirming its reliability under cyclic loading. The borophene-AgNWs nanocomposite exhibited sensitivity to temperature variations as well suggesting potential use in wearable sensors where strain and temperature sensitivity are crucial. Eventually, the strain sensor was utilized for wearable technology by integrating it into a sleeve and subjected to repetitive wrist movements to monitor the symptoms of lateral epicondylitis.二维（2D）材料的出现加速了功能性电子设备的发展，特别是可拉伸和可穿戴设备。在新兴的二维材料中，硼的同素异形体硼烯因其卓越的机械、电学和压阻特性而引起了相当大的兴趣。尽管硼罗芬在许多应用中使用，但它尚未用于应变传感器。本研究采用湿磨辅助超声的液体剥离方法，并证明了其在获得超薄硼罗芬纳米片方面的有效性。这些剥离的硼罗芬纳米片被用来制造一种纳米复合材料，其中一维（1D）银纳米线（AgNWs）作为传感层夹在两个聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）层之间，以制造拉伸应变传感器。这种独特的二维和一维纳米复合材料表现出出色的应变相关电阻行为，在10 %应变下，其应变系数为5.17，在40 %应变下，其应变系数指数上升至约90。该传感器具有良好的恢复性能和重复性，验证了其在循环载荷下的可靠性。硼罗芬- agnws纳米复合材料对温度变化也表现出敏感性，这表明在应变和温度敏感性至关重要的可穿戴传感器中有潜在的应用前景。最终，该应变传感器被用于可穿戴技术，将其集成到一个套筒中，并进行重复的手腕运动，以监测外上髁炎的症状。Composites Part A: Applied Science and ManufacturingHigh-temperature experiments and simulation methods for oxidation behavior research of thermostructural materialsYongsheng Gu, Yanfei Chen, Shengping Shen, Daining Fangdoi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109150热结构材料氧化行为研究的高温实验与模拟方法High-performance thermostructural materials play a critical role in enabling applications under extreme environments, necessitating a thorough understanding of their classification, oxidation mechanisms, and failure behaviors. This review systematically classifies these materials based on their types and oxidation mechanisms, providing a detailed analysis of their unique attributes. Experimental methodologies for characterizing oxidation behavior and mechanical properties under extreme conditions are comprehensively summarized, with emphasis on advanced oxidation characterization techniques and mechanical testing strategies. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of oxidation-induced failure mechanisms, providing new insights into the fundamental degradation processes. Furthermore, it examines computational models for high-temperature oxidation multiple scales, ranging from atomic-level molecular dynamics simulations to mesoscale phase-field and peridynamic methods, and macroscale oxidation-diffusion modeling. The integration of emerging tools such as machine learning in thermo-mechanical-chemical coupling is also explored, highlighting their potential to advance material design and performance prediction. By synthesizing current progress and identifying key challenges, this work establishes a cohesive framework that bridges experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches. It aims to facilitate the rational design and analysis of thermostructural materials, paving the way for their deployment in next-generation high-performance systems operating in extreme environments.高性能热结构材料在极端环境下的应用中起着至关重要的作用，需要对其分类、氧化机制和失效行为有透彻的了解。本文根据这些材料的类型和氧化机理对其进行了系统的分类，并对其独特的性质进行了详细的分析。全面总结了表征极端条件下氧化行为和力学性能的实验方法，重点介绍了先进的氧化表征技术和力学测试策略。本文综述了氧化诱导失效机制的全面分析，为基本降解过程提供了新的见解。此外，它还研究了高温氧化多尺度的计算模型，从原子水平的分子动力学模拟到中尺度相场和周动力学方法，以及宏观尺度的氧化扩散模型。还探讨了热-机械-化学耦合中的机器学习等新兴工具的集成，突出了它们在推进材料设计和性能预测方面的潜力。通过综合当前的进展和识别关键挑战，本工作建立了一个连接实验、理论和计算方法的有凝聚力的框架。它旨在促进热结构材料的合理设计和分析，为在极端环境下运行的下一代高性能系统的部署铺平道路。Vibration-Induced variations in Dynamic Mode I interlaminar fracture toughnessGeorgios Kotsinis, Zoi Chatzaki, Ely Vlajos Gómez, George Sotiriadis, Theodoros Loutasdoi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109151动态模式I层间断裂韧性的振动诱发变化This study proposes a methodology to investigate the rate dependency of Mode I fracture toughness in fracture delamination specimens under high-speed loading conditions. Through both analytical modelling and experimental testing, the influence of elastic vibrations on fracture mechanisms during crack initiation and propagation is explored. An updated analytical model for calculating dynamic fracture toughness during crack propagation, considering elastic vibrations and crack velocity, is proposed and validated using a numerical model from the literature. Experiments conducted on composite adhesive joints with a custom high-speed apparatus provide critical data on the fracture behavior of the specimen. Finally, the study examines the relationship between fracture toughness and strain rate under dynamic loading conditions, a correlation commonly incorporated into numerical models.本研究提出了一种研究高速加载条件下断裂分层试样I型断裂韧性速率依赖性的方法。通过分析模型和实验测试，探讨了弹性振动对裂纹萌生和扩展过程中断裂机制的影响。本文提出了一种考虑弹性振动和裂纹速度的裂纹扩展动态断裂韧性的更新解析模型，并利用文献中的数值模型进行了验证。使用定制的高速仪器对复合胶合接头进行的实验提供了试件断裂行为的关键数据。最后，该研究考察了动态加载条件下断裂韧性和应变率之间的关系，这种关系通常被纳入数值模型。From tortoise exoskeletons to engineering: Innovating high-impact bio-composites with rigid-flexible grid structuresLei Chen, Dengke Li, Jianbo Liu, Dongpeng Chen, Xiaolong Hao, Rongxian Ou, Qingwen Wangdoi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109152 从乌龟外骨骼到工程：创新具有刚柔网格结构的高冲击生物复合材料To address the inherent brittleness and low mechanical strength of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs), this study proposes a bionic rigid-flexible composite inspired by the multi-layered architecture of turtle exoskeletons. Through co-extrusion processing, we engineered an innovative bio-composite (BPC-CFMP-F) by strategically integrating a continuous carbon fabric mesh prepreg and elastic cast film (MSF) into bamboo fiber/polyethylene matrices, replicating biological structural synergy. Compared to the unreinforced controls, BPC-CFMP-F exhibited a significant increase in peak impact force resistance by up to 108.7%, while maintaining superior structural integrity under various impact energies, as evidenced by significantly reduced damage areas and indentation depths. Remarkably, post-impact flexural strength surpassed pre-impact values of control specimens, indicating superior damage tolerance. Finite element simulations revealed stress distribution patterns and failure mechanisms aligning with experimental observations, validating the design rationale. This convergence of experimental and simulated data validates the effectiveness and our biomimetic design and its potential to revolutionize the application scope of NFPCs. By incorporating a rigid-flexible configuration inspired by natural resilience, we pave new avenues for enhancing traditional NFPCs, making them suitable for high-demand applications where enhanced load-bearing capacity and impact resistance are crucial, particularly in critical sectors such as automotive, rail transit, and marine engineering.为了解决天然纤维增强聚合物复合材料（NFPCs）固有的脆性和低机械强度的问题，本研究提出了一种受海龟外骨骼多层结构启发的仿生刚柔复合材料。通过共挤加工，我们设计了一种创新的生物复合材料（BPC-CFMP-F），将连续碳织物网状预浸料和弹性铸膜（MSF）策略性地整合到竹纤维/聚乙烯基质中，复 制生物结构协同作用。与未加筋对照相比，BPC-CFMP-F的峰值抗冲击性显著提高了108.7%，同时在各种冲击能量下保持了优异的结构完整性，损伤面积和压痕深度显著减少。值得注意的是，冲击后的抗弯强度超过了对照试件的冲击前值，表明具有更好的损伤容限。有限元模拟揭示了应力分布模式和破坏机制，与实验观察结果一致，验证了设计原理。这种实验和模拟数据的融合验证了我们的仿生设计的有效性，以及它改变nfpc应用范围的潜力。通过结合受自然弹性启发的刚柔配置，我们为增强传统nfpc铺平了新的道路，使其适用于高要求的应用，在这些应用中，增强的承载能力和抗冲击性至关重要，特别是在汽车、轨道交通和海洋工程等关键领域。Composites Part B: EngineeringNonlinear Profile Engineering of 3D-printed Gradient Impedance Structures for Broadband and Strong Microwave AbsorptionLei Zheng, Kai Cui, Wenhao Li, Tao Wang, Xian Wang, Rongzhou Gongdoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112751用于宽带和强微波吸收的3d打印梯度阻抗结构的非线性轮廓工程Gradient impedance structures (GIS) are critical for broadband and strong microwave absorption, yet conventional linear geometric profiles fail to ensure optimal interlayer impedance gradients. This work introduces a novel GIS design featuring a cubic-function profile to optimize impedance matching and attenuation characteristics. Theoretical calculation and full-wave simulations reveal that concave-convex hybrid profiles enhance low-frequency attenuation while improving high-frequency impedance matching. Using 3D-printed Polyamide 12 (PA12)/Carbonyl iron powder (CIP) composite filaments, we fabricated GIS with tailored nonlinear profiles. The proposed structure achieves a broadband effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 14.72 GHz for reflection loss (RL) ≤ −10 dB and 9.38 GHz for RL ≤ −20 dB, with a minimum RL of −39.4 dB and a mean RL of −22.3 dB. Theoretical modeling, full-wave simulations, and experimental validation demonstrate that the cubic-function profile enables superior impedance matching and attenuation compared to conventional linear designs. This work provides a generalized framework for nonlinear profile optimization of GIS, with potential applications in aerospace and 5G electromagnetic compatibility.梯度阻抗结构（GIS）对于宽带和强微波吸收至关重要，但传统的线性几何剖面无法确保最佳的层间阻抗梯度。本文介绍了一种新颖的GIS设计，该设计具有三次函数剖面，以优化阻抗匹配和衰减特性。理论计算和全波仿真结果表明，凹凸混合剖面在提高高频阻抗匹配的同时增强了低频衰减。利用3d打印聚酰胺12 (PA12)/羰基铁粉（CIP）复合长丝，我们制作了具有定制非线性轮廓的GIS。当反射损耗(RL)≤−10 dB时，该结构的宽带有效吸收带宽（EAB）为14.72 GHz，当反射损耗(RL)≤−20 dB时，EAB为9.38 GHz，最小RL为−39.4 dB，平均RL为−22.3 dB。理论建模、全波仿真和实验验证表明，与传统的线性设计相比，三次函数剖面具有更好的阻抗匹配和衰减能力。该工作为GIS非线性剖面优化提供了一个通用框架，在航空航天和5G电磁兼容方面具有潜在的应用前景。Modeling-based mechanistic insights into the role of barium titanate shape and microstructural defects in coupled-field responses of piezoelectric nanocompositesAlireza Moradi, Reza Ansari, Mohammad Kazem Hassanzadeh-Aghdam, Saeid Sahmani, Sung-Hwan Jangdoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112755 基于模型的压电纳米复合材料耦合场响应中钛酸钡形状和微观结构缺陷作用机理研究Barium titanate (BT) nanofillers play a crucial role in polymer nanocomposites due to their remarkable intrinsic properties, which markedly improve the effectiveness of energy conversion. However, the synthesis of BT nanofillers in varied structural profiles, such as nanowires, nanoplatelets, and nanoparticles, along with their dispersion within the polymer matrix, exerts a substantial impact on the overall performance of the nanocomposite. Non-uniform nanofiller dispersion is inherently tied to the development of microstructural defects, including poor compatibility between phases, the formation of voids, and nanofiller agglomeration. This study investigates the influence of BT nanofiller shape and microstructural defects on the effective properties of BT/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) piezoelectric nanocomposites. Based on a micromechanics-based finite element framework, representative volume elements (RVEs) of the nanocomposite are generated using a morphology-centric computational simulation, and their Young’s moduli, piezoelectric coefficients, and thermal expansion coefficients are subsequently predicted. The results indicate that establishing robust interphase regions, driven by enhanced interfacial compatibility, has a direct impact on elevating system functionality. Additionally, the adverse effects of void defects and nanofiller agglomeration on the effective properties are alleviated through void minimization and agglomerate breakdown.钛酸钡（BT）纳米填料具有显著的内在特性，能显著提高聚合物纳米复合材料的能量转换效率，在聚合物纳米复合材料中起着至关重要的作用。然而，不同结构的BT纳米填料的合成，如纳米线、纳米片和纳米颗粒，以及它们在聚合物基体中的分散，对纳米复合材料的整体性能产生了实质性的影响。纳米填料的不均匀分散与微观结构缺陷的发展有着内在的联系，包括相间相容性差、空洞的形成和纳米填料团聚。研究了BT纳米填料形状和微观结构缺陷对BT/聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）压电纳米复合材料有效性能的影响。基于微力学的有限元框架，采用以形貌为中心的计算模拟生成了纳米复合材料的代表性体积元，并对其杨氏模量、压电系数和热膨胀系数进行了预测。结果表明，在增强界面兼容性的驱动下，建立稳健的界面区域对提高系统功能有直接影响。此外，孔洞缺陷和纳米填料团聚对有效性能的不利影响通过孔洞最小化和团聚破坏得到缓解。Electrically conductive nanocomposites as heating elements for thermoplastics Joule weldingFatmah Alsalami, Ian A. Kinloch, Rashid K. Abu Al-Rub, Cristina Vallésdoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112756 导电纳米复合材料作为热塑性塑料焦耳焊接的加热元件The potential of electrically conductive polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as heating elements to Joule weld PC substrates was investigated. Both GNPs/PC and CNTs/PC nanocomposites behaved as electrically percolated systems, with the CNTs rendering higher conductivities at considerably lower concentrations. Maximum values of 10.57 S/m and 0.028 S/m were achieved for the nanocomposite filled with 10 wt.% loading of CNTs and 15 wt.% loading of GNPs, respectively. The incorporation of 5 and 10 wt.% loadings of CNTs into the polymer seemed to favour the development of denser conductive networks, capable of achieving the temperature required for an effective Joule welding of PC substrates under an applied voltage, whereas the addition of lower loadings of CNTs (i.e., ≤5 wt.%) or GNPs at any loading ≤10 wt.% rendered less conductive networks, not capable of achieving a high enough temperature for a successful Joule welding. The samples welded with the nanocomposite filled with 10 wt.% CNTs showed higher lap shear strength (LSS) values (13.1-14.1 MPa) than those welded with the nanocomposite containing 5 wt.% CNTs (12.3-12.9 MPa) due to the higher filler loading providing a higher conductivity and a more homogeneous Joule heating all throughout the heating element under the applied voltage. Likewise, increasing welding times, pressures and clamping distances led to progressively higher LSS of the Joule welded joints up to optimal values, with optimal times of 120 and 150 s being found for the nanocomposites containing 10 and 5 wt.% loading of CNTs, respectively, and optimal pressure and clamping distance values of 1 MPa and 1.2 mm, respectively, being observed for both of them. This work demonstrates the potential of electrically conductive CNTs based polymer nanocomposites as heating elements for thermoplastics Joule welding, and highlights their formulation, applied voltage and welding parameters, including time, pressure and clamping distance, as key factors that can be strategically tuned to control the welding process and optimize the joints’ mechanical performance.研究了以碳纳米管（CNTs）和石墨烯纳米片（GNPs）填充的导电聚碳酸酯（PC）纳米复合材料作为焦耳焊接聚碳酸酯基板加热元件的性能。GNPs/PC和CNTs/PC纳米复合材料都表现为电渗透体系，CNTs在相当低的浓度下呈现更高的电导率。当CNTs和GNPs分别填充10 wt.%和15 wt.%时，纳米复合材料的峰值分别为10.57 S/m和0.028 S/m。在聚合物中加入5 wt.%和10 wt.%的碳纳米管似乎有利于形成更致密的导电网络，能够在外加电压下达到PC基板有效焦耳焊接所需的温度，而添加较低的碳纳米管（即≤5 wt.%）或任何负载≤10 wt.%的GNPs则会产生较低的导电网络，无法达到成功进行焦耳焊接所需的足够高的温度。与含有5 wt.% CNTs的纳米复合材料（12.3-12.9 MPa）焊接的样品相比，含有10 wt.% CNTs的纳米复合材料焊接的样品显示出更高的剪切强度（LSS）值（13.1-14.1 MPa），这是由于更高的填料载荷提供了更高的电导率和在外加电压下整个加热元件更均匀的焦耳加热。同样，随着焊接时间、压力和夹紧距离的增加，焦耳焊接接头的LSS逐渐提高，直至达到最佳值，对于含有10% wt.%碳纳米管和5% wt.%碳纳米管的纳米复合材料，最佳时间分别为120秒和150秒，两者的最佳压力和夹紧距离分别为1 MPa和1.2 mm。这项工作证明了导电碳纳米管聚合物纳米复合材料作为热塑性焦耳焊接加热元件的潜力，并强调了它们的配方、施加电压和焊接参数（包括时间、压力和夹紧距离）是可以战略性调整的关键因素，可以控制焊接过程并优化接头的机械性能。Emerging Sinusoidal Structures for Energy Absorption: Mechanisms, Optimizations and ApplicationsJianfei Zhou, Meng Zou, Bing Feng Ng, Mingxiong Oudoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112759新兴的能量吸收正弦结构：机制、优化和应用Lightweight structures with superior energy absorption characteristics play an important role in engineering applications. In recent years, the introduction of sinusoidal patterns has emerged as an effective design solution. These patterns enable tailored stress distribution, optimized load transfer and controlled deformation modes. Such designs significantly enhance the energy absorption efficiency of structural materials. In this paper, we review recent advances in representative sinusoidal structures for energy absorption. The work focuses on development over the past decade. Specifically, structural designs, functional mechanisms, deformation theories, finite element methods and experimental studies with different sinusoidal configurations are reviewed. The structures include tube sections and walls, transversal, longitudinal and bi-directional corrugated panels, honeycomb structures and other specialized forms. Material implementations range from conventional metals and polymers to advanced fiber-reinforced composites. In addition, manufacturing and optimization approaches to sinusoidal structures are discussed, alongside future challenges and prospects. This paper provides reference and inspiration for the design sinusoidal patterns, which holds great potential to the development of energy absorption structures.轻质结构具有良好的吸能特性，在工程应用中发挥着重要作用。近年来，正弦模式的引入已成为一种有效的设计解决方案。这些模式可以定制应力分布，优化负载传递和控制变形模式。这样的设计大大提高了结构材料的吸能效率。本文综述了具有代表性的能量吸收正弦结构的最新研究进展。工作重点是过去十年的发展。具体而言，结构设计，功能机制，变形理论，有限元方法和实验研究不同的正弦配置进行了回顾。结构包括管段和管壁、横向、纵向和双向波纹板、蜂窝结构和其他特殊形式。材料实施范围从传统的金属和聚合物到先进的纤维增强复合材料。此外，讨论了正弦结构的制造和优化方法，以及未来的挑战和前景。本文为正弦模式的设计提供了参考和启示，对吸能结构的发展具有很大的潜力。Recent advances and challenges in the mechanical and chemical recycling of vitrimers and fibre-reinforced vitrimer composites: A reviewAndrea Toldy, Dániel István Poór, Norbert Geier, Ákos Pomázidoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112760玻璃体和纤维增强玻璃体复合材料机械和化学回收的最新进展和挑战Vitrimers, a class of covalent adaptable networks, have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional thermoset and thermoplastic polymers, owing to their unique reprocessability and recyclability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mechanical and chemical recycling methodologies for vitrimers and their fibre-reinforced composites, highlighting recent advancements and innovations in the field. Firstly, the review classifies vitrimers based on their structure and dynamic covalent mechanisms and summarises their main properties. Subsequently, it gives an overview of the conditions and outcomes of both mechanical and chemical recycling processes for vitrimers. Then, after summarising the processing methods of vitrimer composites, it explores mechanical composite recycling techniques, which, while straightforward, often lead to diminished mechanical properties due to fibre length reduction. In contrast, chemical composite recycling methods demonstrate superior potential for preserving fibre integrity and recovering original monomers for closed-loop synthesis. Key studies showcasing successful recycling processes are discussed, underscoring the importance of developing closed-loop systems to enhance sustainability in material applications. Ultimately, this review aims to highlight the critical advancements in recycling strategies for vitrimers, positioning them as a vital component of sustainable composite material development.玻璃聚合物是一类共价适应性网络，由于其独特的可再加工性和可回收性，已成为传统热固性和热塑性聚合物的有希望的替代品。本文综述了玻璃体及其纤维增强复合材料的机械和化学回收方法，重点介绍了该领域的最新进展和创新。本文首先从结构、共价机制等方面对其进行了分类，并对其主要性质进行了综述。随后，概述了玻璃体的机械和化学回收过程的条件和结果。然后，在总结了玻璃体复合材料的加工方法后，探讨了机械复合材料回收技术，这种技术虽然简单，但由于纤维长度的减少，往往会导致机械性能的降低。相比之下，化学复合材料回收方法在保持纤维完整性和回收原始单体用于闭环合成方面表现出优越的潜力。讨论了展示成功回收过程的关键研究，强调了开发闭环系统以提高材料应用的可持续性的重要性。最后，本综述的目的是强调在玻璃聚合体回收策略的关键进展，将其定位为可持续复合材料发展的重要组成部分。Effect of high-temperature preloading on tensile properties and failure mechanisms of SiCf/SiC compositesYong Deng, Tingya Jia, Jingqiao Yang, Huanfang Wang, Shaohua Liu, Chao Zhangdoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112762 高温预加载对SiCf/SiC复合材料拉伸性能及破坏机理的影响Understanding the evolution of mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of SiCf/SiC composites under multi-field coupling environments is essential for ensuring their safety and reliability in aerospace applications. This study investigates the tensile properties and failure mechanisms of 2D plain-weave SiCf/SiC composites from room temperature to 1400 °C, with a particular focus on the influence of high-temperature preloading. Through macroscopic and microscopic morphology analysis, the key factors affecting tensile strength and failure mechanisms were systematically examined. The effects of the magnitude and holding time of high-temperature preloading on the tensile properties of SiCf/SiC composites were also explored, revealing significant impacts in the medium-temperature range. The results indicate that the tensile strength and matrix cracking stress decrease approximately linearly with increasing temperature for samples without high-temperature preloading. However, the difference in tensile strength between samples with and without high-temperature preloading diminishes as temperature increases. The degradation of component properties in SiCf/SiC composites and high-temperature oxidation contribute to the decline in their tensile strengths. The healing of surface cracks induced by rapid oxidation at 1400 °C significantly reduces the impact of high-temperature preloading. A physics-based theoretical model for their high-temperature tensile strengths was established. This research provides valuable insights for evaluating the tensile properties of SiCf/SiC composites under thermal-mechanical-oxygenic coupling environments.了解SiCf/SiC复合材料在多场耦合环境下的力学性能演变和损伤机制，对于确保其在航空航天应用中的安全性和可靠性至关重要。本研究研究了二维平面编织SiCf/SiC复合材料在室温至1400℃的拉伸性能和破坏机制，特别关注了高温预压的影响。通过宏观和微观形貌分析，系统探讨了影响拉伸强度的关键因素和破坏机理。研究了高温预压强度和保温时间对SiCf/SiC复合材料拉伸性能的影响，发现在中温范围内影响显著。结果表明：无高温预压试样的抗拉强度和基体开裂应力随温度升高近似线性降低；然而，随着温度的升高，有高温预压和没有高温预压的样品之间的抗拉强度差异减小。SiCf/SiC复合材料中组分性能的退化和高温氧化是其抗拉强度下降的主要原因。在1400℃下快速氧化引起的表面裂纹的愈合显著降低了高温预压的影响。建立了基于物理的高温拉伸强度理论模型。本研究为评价SiCf/SiC复合材料在热-机械-氧耦合环境下的拉伸性能提供了有价值的见解。Sandwich-structured paper composite with water and oil resistance for food packaging and tableware applicationsZhongjin Zhou, Lauren Merrill, Xianhui Zhao, Shahab Saedi, Nicole Labbé, Tong Wang, Harry M. Meyer, Sanjita Wasti, Siqun Wangdoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112763耐水、耐油的三明治结构复合纸，用于食品包装和餐具The growing environmental challenges posed by plastic waste from disposable tableware highlight the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Traditional plastics decompose over centuries, generating microplastics that threaten ecosystems and human health. While lignin has emerged as a promising material for plastic replacement, its inherent dark brown color and processing challenges in paper-based products have limited its application, particularly in food-contact materials. To address these limitations, we have developed biodegradable sandwich-structured paper composites comprising parchment paper as surface layers and a lignin-polymer core with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polylactic acid (PLA). This innovative structure eliminates the need for binders, minimizing potential food contamination, and enables direct application as packaging or molded tableware. Lignin micro- and nano- particles (LMNP) enhances durability and provides natural water and oil resistance without harmful additives, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), while PVA and PLA improve the composite’s tenacity. The resulting material, composed of 65 wt.% lignin, demonstrates excellent water and oil resistance, with no penetration exceeding one hour, and exhibits enhanced tensile strength (45 MPa), making it a viable and eco-friendly alternative for disposable tableware.一次性餐具产生的塑料废物对环境造成的日益严峻的挑战凸显了对可持续替代品的迫切需求。传统塑料经过几个世纪的分解，产生了威胁生态系统和人类健康的微塑料。虽然木质素已成为一种很有前途的塑料替代品，但其固有的深棕色和纸基产品的加工挑战限制了其应用，特别是在与食品接触的材料中。为了解决这些限制，我们开发了可生物降解的三明治结构纸复合材料，包括羊皮纸作为表面层和木质素聚合物芯，聚乙烯醇（PVA）和聚乳酸（PLA）。这种创新的结构消除了对粘合剂的需求，最大限度地减少了潜在的食品污染，并可以直接应用于包装或模制餐具。木质素微纳米颗粒（LMNP）增强了耐久性，并提供天然的耐水性和耐油性，不含有害添加剂，如全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS），而PVA和PLA提高了复合材料的韧性。由此产生的材料，由65 wt.%木质素组成，具有优异的耐水性和耐油性，渗透不超过一小时，并表现出增强的抗拉强度（45 MPa），使其成为一次性餐具的可行和环保替代品。Flame-retardant, thermally conductive, and mechanically strong epoxy composites with phenylphosphonic acid-functionalized boron nitride nanosheetsHongru Zhou, Xinyi Yu, Xingping Zhou, Yingfeng Wen, Zhigang Xue, Yiu Wing Mai, Xiaolin Xiedoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112764苯基膦酸功能化氮化硼纳米片阻燃、导热、机械强度强的环氧复合材料Epoxy resin (EP)-based thermally conductive composites have become strong candidate materials for heat dissipation of electronic devices. However, the inherent low thermal conductivity (TC) and combustible nature of traditional EPs have markedly limited their application. In this work, we developed an EP-composite containing phenylphosphonic acid (PPA)-functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), i.e., PPA@BNNS, via ball milling exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride with PPA, which served as an interfacial modifier and a flame retardant. The PPA attached on the BNNS surface through π-π interactions enhanced the interfacial compatibility between filler and EP, minimized BNNS agglomeration, and improved the mechanical strength of EP/PPA@BNNS composite. In particular, the EP/PPA@BNNS composite with 30 wt.% filler exhibited a 4.5-fold increase in TC relative to neat EP, manifesting the well-connected thermal conductive pathways formed by the uniformly dispersed PPA@BNNS and the reduced interfacial thermal resistance. Moreover, the EP/PPA@BNNS composite with 5 wt.% filler displayed superior flame retardancy; the peak heat release rate and total heat release were reduced to half those of neat EP owing to the physical barrier action and catalytic carbonization effect of PPA@BNNS.环氧树脂（EP）基导热复合材料已成为电子器件散热的有力候选材料。然而，传统EPs固有的低导热性和可燃性明显限制了其应用。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种含有苯基膦酸（PPA）功能化氮化硼纳米片（BNNS）的ep复合材料，即PPA@BNNS，通过球磨六方氮化硼与PPA，作为界面改性剂和阻燃剂。PPA通过π-π相互作用附着在BNNS表面，增强了填料与EP之间的界面相容性，减少了BNNS团聚，提高了EP/PPA@BNNS复合材料的机械强度。特别是，与纯EP相比，添加30 wt.%填料的EP/PPA@BNNS复合材料的TC增加了4.5倍，这表明均匀分散的PPA@BNNS形成了连接良好的导热通道，界面热阻降低。此外，添加5 wt.%填料的EP/PPA@BNNS复合材料表现出优异的阻燃性；由于PPA@BNNS的物理屏障作用和催化碳化作用，峰值放热率和总放热率降至纯EP的一半。Stretch, Sense, and Innovate: Advances in Next-Generation Strain SensorsAnimesh Maji, Chinmoy Kuila, Naresh Chandra Murmu, Tapas Kuiladoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112749 拉伸，感知和创新：下一代应变传感器的进展The rapid proliferation of wearable technology, aligned with the digital transformation of Industry 4.0 and the emerging paradigm of Industry 6.0, has accelerated the development of intelligent strain sensors. Polymer composite-based strain sensors have attracted significant attention for their ability to convert mechanical deformation into electrical signals with high sensitivity and adaptability to dynamic environments. Although considerable progress has been achieved, strain sensors face challenges such as balancing sensitivity to stretchability, poor dispersion of nanomaterials, and limited durability. Environmental sensitivity, interfacial adhesion, and high fabrication costs hinder their scalability and performance. Wearable strain sensors are still in the prototype stage, and various obstacles in developing integrated and multifunctional strain sensors must be addressed. This review aims to consolidate the fundamental sensing principles, structural innovations, critical design parameters, and multifunctional properties, including thermal management, EMI shielding, and hydrophobicity of polymer-based strain sensors. Finally, the prevailing challenges and prospects in advancing multifunctional strain sensors for wearable smart gadgets and electronic skin are explored. This review not only elucidates the current state-of-the-art polymer-based wearable strain sensor technologies but also envisions future directions, catalyzing transformative advancements in digital health.可穿戴技术的快速发展，与工业4.0的数字化转型和工业6.0的新兴范式相一致，加速了智能应变传感器的发展。基于聚合物复合材料的应变传感器具有将机械变形转化为电信号的能力，具有高灵敏度和对动态环境的适应性，引起了人们的广泛关注。尽管已经取得了相当大的进展，但应变传感器仍面临着一些挑战，如平衡对拉伸性的敏感性、纳米材料的分散性差以及有限的耐用性。环境敏感性、界面粘附性和高制造成本阻碍了它们的可扩展性和性能。可穿戴应变传感器仍处于原型阶段，必须解决开发集成、多功能应变传感器的各种障碍。本文综述了基于聚合物的应变传感器的基本传感原理、结构创新、关键设计参数和多功能特性，包括热管理、电磁干扰屏蔽和疏水性。最后，探讨了用于可穿戴智能设备和电子皮肤的多功能应变传感器的发展面临的挑战和前景。这篇综述不仅阐述了当前最先进的基于聚合物的可穿戴应变传感器技术，还展望了未来的发展方向，促进了数字健康的变革。Shape Memory Alloy-Based Tensile Activated Kirigami ActuatorsYeong Jae Park, Gyohyeon Song, Jiseong Shin, Hugo Rodriguedoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112757 基于形状记忆合金的拉伸激活Kirigami致动器Kirigami-patterned structures offer a wide range of possibilities for designing stretchable structures from materials with little stretchability. Tensile activated kirigami (TAK) structures are an incarnation of this principle whereby a tension can be used to produce complex deformation of a planar surface. This paper presents a novel shape memory alloy (SMA)-TAK actuator capable of achieving large in-plane deformations while maintaining a low-profile structure. The proposed kirigami pattern, featuring two slot hinges, was fabricated from SMA plates using fiber laser cutting. Experimental results demonstrate in-plane strains of up to 155% with a corresponding force of 0.66 N, significantly surpassing the ∼5% recoverable strain of bulk SMA, could maintain its performance over 1000 actuation cycles with Joule enabling active actuation. Finite element method (FEM) simulations and numerical modeling were conducted to predict the maximum strain and force produced by the actuator, showing strong agreement with the experimental data. The performance of actuator was evaluated under various geometrical configurations, revealing that the hinge configuration and the geometry both critically influence the maximum strain and force. Scalability was explored by increasing the number of serially connected units, confirming that the design retains high strain capabilities with minimal performance loss. The proposed actuator was integrated into a miniature, turtle-inspired crawling robot, demonstrating forward locomotion with minimal height variation, essential for navigation in confined spaces. The combination of TAK structures and SMA materials in this study introduces a scalable, versatile actuation system with potential applications in miniature robotics, medical devices, and search-and-rescue operations.基里伽米图案结构为设计可拉伸结构提供了广泛的可能性，这些材料具有很小的可拉伸性。张力激活基里伽米（TAK）结构是这一原理的化身，即张力可以用来产生平面的复杂变形。本文提出了一种新型形状记忆合金(SMA)-TAK致动器，该致动器能够在保持低轮廓结构的同时实现大的面内变形。提出的kirigami图案，具有两个槽铰链，由SMA板使用光纤激光切割制成。实验结果表明，面内应变高达155%，对应的力为0.66 N，显著超过体SMA的~ 5%可恢复应变，可以在焦耳激活下保持其超过1000个驱动周期的性能。通过有限元模拟和数值模拟，预测了执行器产生的最大应变和力，结果与实验数据吻合较好。在不同的几何构型下对执行机构的性能进行了评估，结果表明铰链构型和几何构型对执行机构的最大应变和最大力都有重要影响。通过增加串联单元的数量来探索可扩展性，确认该设计以最小的性能损失保持高应变能力。该驱动器被集成到一个微型的乌龟爬行机器人中，以最小的高度变化展示向前运动，这对于在密闭空间中导航至关重要。在这项研究中，TAK结构和SMA材料的结合引入了一种可扩展的、通用的驱动系统，在微型机器人、医疗设备和搜救行动中具有潜在的应用前景。Composites Science and TechnologyWater-resistant, Tough, and Moldable Corn Stover-Based Structural Materials through Multiple Dynamic Cross-Linking Networks in-suit Thermal Rearrangement StrategyWenjing Wang, Aohong Tang, Wuming Fan, Yida Yin, Zhe Qiu, Yonggui Wang, Tianpeng Zhang, Zefang Xiao, Yanjun Xiedoi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111279 基于多动态交联网络的玉米秸秆基结构材料的耐水、韧性和可塑性Renewable and biodegradable materials derived from biomass have emerged as a promising alternative to non-biodegradable petroleum-based plastics. However, most biomass-based materials have difficulties meeting the standards required for practical applications regarding water resistance and mechanical properties. Herein, a scalable and efficient bottom-up approach is developed to transform low-value-added corn stover into a tough, moldable, and water-resistant structural material (CSS+CAFe) via a combination of multiple dynamic cross-linking network construction and the thermal rearrangement technique. Through the rearrangement of dynamic bonds, including coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ester bonds during hot pressing, the corn stover fibers achieve interface reconfiguration and strong interlayer bonding, resulting in an enhanced water resistance capability (a 41.55% decrease in water absorption and a 154.7% increase in wet strength). The as-prepared CSS+CAFe composite materials deliver superior moldability, which enables them to be processed into tableware. Furthermore, this multiple dynamic cross-linking network in-suit thermal rearrangement strategy involves only green chemicals, and life cycle assessment (LCA) shows that its production process is more environmentally friendly compared to polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). As such, this work provides a promising approach to producing biodegradable and sustainable structural materials, which are expected to serve as alternatives to petrochemical plastics.来自生物质的可再生和可生物降解材料已成为不可生物降解的石油基塑料的有希望的替代品。然而，大多数生物质基材料在耐水性和机械性能方面难以满足实际应用所需的标准。本文提出了一种可扩展、高效的自下而上的方法，通过多种动态交联网络构建和热重排技术相结合，将低附加值的玉米秸秆转化为坚韧、可塑、耐水的结构材料（CSS+CAFe）。玉米秸秆纤维在热压过程中通过配位键、氢键、酯键等动态键的重排，实现界面重构，层间键合强，抗水性能增强（吸水率降低41.55%，湿强度提高154.7%）。预制的CSS+CAFe复合材料具有优异的可塑性，使其能够加工成餐具。此外，这种多动态交联网络套装热重排策略只涉及绿色化学品，并且生命周期评估（LCA）表明，与聚丙烯（PP）和低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）相比，其生产过程更加环保。因此，这项工作为生产可生物降解和可持续的结构材料提供了一种有前途的方法，有望作为石化塑料的替代品。来源：复合材料力学仿真Composites FEM
