今日更新:Composite Structures 3 篇,Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 3 篇,Composites Part B: Engineering 9 篇,Composites Science and Technology 1 篇
Influence of voids and yarn content on mechanical properties and damage evolution of fine woven pierced C/C composites
Tianlei Yao, Diansen Li, Lei Jiang, Frederik Desplentere, Stepan V. Lomov
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119636
孔隙率和含纱量对细纺穿孔C/C复合材料力学性能及损伤演变的影响
Fine woven pierced C/C composites with low density, good three-dimensional monolithic properties, high strength have a great deal of application in the defense and aerospace. Both voids and yarn content always had a crucial influence on C/C composites. In this work, the structural information including voids content and yarn dimension was statistically investigated by Micro-CT. Parametric finite element models considering voids were established, and the effects of voids and Z-yarn contents on the compression properties and damage mechanis m were investigated. Results showed that the established FEM with voids had better prediction accuracy than FEM without voids. The compressive properties decreased remarkably with the increase of voids, and the presence of voids caused damage to the material at low strains and also enabled a more uniform stress distribution to some extent. Because the introduction of Z-direction yarns slightly increased the volume fraction of fiber, the compressive strength and modulus increased by increasing Z-yarn content.
细编织穿孔C/C复合材料具有密度低、三维整体性能好、强度高等特点,在国防和航空航天领域有着广泛的应用。空穴和含纱量对C/C复合材料的性能影响很大。本文利用Micro-CT对纱线的结构信息,包括孔隙率和纱线尺寸进行了统计研究。建立了考虑孔洞的参数化有限元模型,研究了孔洞和z纱含量对复合材料压缩性能和损伤机理的影响。结果表明,建立的含孔洞有限元法的预测精度优于无孔洞有限元法。随着孔洞的增大,材料的抗压性能显著降低,在低应变下,孔洞的存在对材料造成损伤,并在一定程度上使材料的应力分布更加均匀。由于z向纱的引入使纤维的体积分数略有增加,因此随着z向纱含量的增加,纤维的抗压强度和模量也有所增加。
A microstructure-based model considering particle distribution, coated level and interface damage for highly-filled composite energetic materials
Kun Yang, Yanqing Wu, Fenglei Huang
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119637
考虑颗粒分布、包覆层和界面损伤的高填充复合含能材料微观结构模型
A microstructure-based model considering the coupling between particle distribution, coated level of particles and binder-particle interface damage-debonding for highly-filled energetic composite materials (HECM) is developed to predict the macro-microscopic mechanical behavior of HECM. A coated parameter rescaling the initial volume fraction of particle relative to binder is imported to describe the significant effects of initially scarce additives on mechanical behavior of HECM. The macroscopic deformation of typical HMX and TATB-based high explosives under uniaxial strain are characterized by three distinct stages: elastic deformation (stage I), stress deterioration due to interface damage (stage II) and fracture (stage III). Parametric studies on microstructural features (particle size and volume fraction, coated level, modulus mis match) and interface properties (elasticity, strength) underscore their profound influence on macroscopic behavior. Enhanced interface elasticity and strength improve elastic modulus and delay damage initiation, respectively. S maller particles improve damage resistance, while larger particles dictate fracture dynamics. This research provides critical insights for tailoring HECM performance through microstructural design, interface engineering, and particle size optimization, ultimately advancing the development of robust HECMs with controlled mechanical responses.
为预测高填充复合材料的宏观微观力学行为,建立了考虑颗粒分布、颗粒包覆水平和粘结剂-颗粒界面损伤-脱粘耦合的微观结构模型。引入了一个重新调整颗粒相对于粘合剂的初始体积分数的涂层参数,以描述初始稀缺添加剂对HECM力学行为的显着影响。典型HMX和tatb基高爆药在单轴应变作用下的宏观变形表现为弹性变形(阶段1)、界面损伤引起的应力劣化(阶段2)和断裂(阶段3)三个阶段。微观结构特征(粒度和体积分数、包覆水平、模量失配)和界面特性(弹性、强度)的参数化研究强调了它们对宏观行为的深刻影响。界面弹性和强度的增强分别提高了弹性模量和延迟损伤的发生。较小的颗粒提高了抗损伤能力,而较大的颗粒则决定了断裂动力学。这项研究为通过微观结构设计、界面工程和粒度优化来定制HECM性能提供了重要见解,最终推动了具有可控机械响应的稳健HECM的发展。
Design and characterization of controllable near-zero thermal expansion graphene rubber composites
Binghao Lang, Xiaoyao Xu, Heng Yang, Xuefeng Yao
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119639
可控近零热膨胀石墨烯橡胶复合材料的设计与表征
In this paper, design and characterization of controllable near-zero thermal expansion graphene rubber composites are studied systematically. First, a novel design approach for near-zero thermal expansion materials is proposed, integrating centripetal-structured graphene aerogels (prepared via directional freezing to form radially aligned lamellae) with silicone rubber. Second, graphene rubber composites are prepared by combining silicone rubber with graphene aerogel through the surface attachment method, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the resulting composite could be accurately controlled by precisely adjusting the mass ratio between two components. Finally, the experimental results indicated that the axial coefficient of thermal expansion of the composite material within the temperature range of 20-100°C is as low as 3.1 × 10−7/°C, when the mass ratio of silicone rubber to graphene aerogel is set at 6:1, while the radial coefficient measures 8.9 × 10−6/°C, demonstrating near-zero expansion. The reversible compressive strain of this material reaches an impressive 99 %, the maximum stress is 1.97 MPa and its performance remains stable even after undergoing 200 cycles of compression. This study shows the composite material, with near-zero thermal expansion and excellent mechanical properties, is promising for precision engineering and intelligent devices.
本文系统地研究了可控近零热膨胀石墨烯橡胶复合材料的设计与表征。首先,提出了一种新的近零热膨胀材料的设计方法,将向心结构石墨烯气凝胶(通过定向冷冻制备形成径向排列的片层)与硅橡胶相结合。其次,通过表面附着法将硅橡胶与石墨烯气凝胶结合制备石墨烯橡胶复合材料,通过精确调节两组分之间的质量比,可以精确控制复合材料的热膨胀系数。最后,实验结果表明,当硅橡胶与石墨烯气凝胶的质量比为6:1时,复合材料在20-100℃范围内的轴向热膨胀系数低至3.1 × 10−7/℃,而径向热膨胀系数为8.9 × 10−6/℃,几乎为零膨胀。该材料的可逆压缩应变达到了令人印象深刻的99 %,最大应力为1.97 MPa,即使经过200次循环压缩,其性能仍保持稳定。该研究表明,该复合材料具有近零热膨胀和优异的机械性能,在精密工程和智能设备方面具有广阔的应用前景。
Numerical simulation of process-induced defects in thermosetting Automated Fibre Placement (AFP): A review
Sarthak Mahapatra, Dmitry S. Ivanov, Stephen R. Hallett, Jonathan P.-H. Belnoue
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109265
热固性自动纤维铺放(AFP)过程缺陷的数值模拟研究进展
Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) is an important manufacturing process to improve production rate of composite components through automation. Since the mid-2010’s physics based simulations of AFP have been gaining traction to support its deployment in industry. This review explores material–process interactions during AFP layup, with a focus on how numerical simulations can accurately capture process behaviour to support exploration of the full processing window and assess part quality and conformity. It addresses the various challenges of the AFP manufacturing process and examines the use of characterised material models in combination with numerical platforms to provide further insights into the process. Through this review, the reader will gain a better understanding of the current state-of-the-art in this field, the challenges faced and the potential future directions of research. Several modelling strategies from the literature are reviewed and evaluated for their suitability for AFP layup. This includes a newly developed sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical model that accounts for the dynamic nature of the AFP process and constituent interactions, which is used to highlight current gaps in the field and to discuss potential future applications as a design tool.
自动化纤维铺放(AFP)是通过自动化提高复合材料零件生产率的重要制造工艺。自2010年中期以来,基于物理的AFP模拟已经获得了支持其在工业上部署的牵引力。这篇综述探讨了AFP铺设过程中材料-工艺的相互作用,重点是数值模拟如何准确地捕捉工艺行为,以支持对整个加工窗口的探索,并评估零件质量和一致性。它解决了AFP制造过程中的各种挑战,并检查了特征材料模型与数值平台相结合的使用,以进一步深入了解该过程。通过这篇综述,读者将更好地了解这一领域的现状、面临的挑战和潜在的未来研究方向。从文献的几种建模策略进行了审查和评估,为他们的AFP铺设的适用性。这包括一个新开发的顺序耦合热-力学模型,该模型解释了AFP过程和成分相互作用的动态性质,用于突出该领域当前的空白,并讨论作为设计工具的潜在未来应用。
Interface structure and characterization ana lysis of carbon fiber/polypropylene with β-crystals
Zhihao Yao, Yixin Qi, Zixi Li, Dazhi Jiang
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109294
含β-晶体的碳纤维/聚丙烯界面结构及表征分析
Interface structure between thermoplastic polypropylene and carbon fiber is crucial for determining the reinforcement effect in the carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (CF/PP). Currently, the controlled regulation and quantitative characterization of different crystal forms within the interfacial crystallization remain unresolved challenges. In this study, carbon fibers were functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and immobilized with varying concentrations of the β-nucleating agent (β-NAs), enabling controlled formation of β-crystals in the transcrystalline (TC) interface. Advanced characterization confirmed tunable β-crystal concentration and morphology. Results demonstrate that increased β-crystal content enhances interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Peak Force Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (PF-QNM) revealed that enhanced IFSS is primarily attributed to increased interface thickness induced by β-crystal formation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further elucidated that interfacial crystallization and increased thickness strengthen interfacial interactions at the molecular scale, validating experimental trends. This work provides multiscale evidences for tunable interfacial β-crystals, offering new strategies for designing high-performance CF/PP composites.
热塑性聚丙烯与碳纤维的界面结构是决定碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料增强效果的关键。目前,界面结晶中不同晶型的控制调控和定量表征仍是未解决的挑战。在这项研究中,碳纤维被聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)功能化,并用不同浓度的β-成核剂(β-NAs)固定,从而在跨晶(TC)界面上控制β-晶体的形成。先进的表征证实了可调的β晶体浓度和形态。结果表明,β-晶体含量的增加提高了界面抗剪强度。峰力定量纳米力学图(PF-QNM)显示,IFSS的增强主要归因于β晶体形成引起的界面厚度增加。分子动力学(MD)模拟进一步阐明了界面结晶和厚度增加在分子尺度上加强了界面相互作用,验证了实验趋势。本研究为界面β晶体的可调提供了多尺度证据,为高性能CF/PP复合材料的设计提供了新的策略。
Ultraviolet (UV) curable resin-based repair of wind turbine blades: Perspectives and computational an alysis
Ayush Varshney, Daniel Paul, Puneet Mahajan, Leon Mishnaevsky
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109290
基于紫外线固化树脂的风力涡轮机叶片修复:观点和计算分析
The repair of wind turbine blades is essential for extending their operational lifespan by restoring their structural integrity after property degradation due to damage. Application of ultraviolet (UV)-curable prepregs in the repair process reduces curing time from hours to minutes compared to traditional thermal curing, presenting significant potential for drastic reduction in repair costs. However, thermal and chemical strain differences and the presence of voids can lead to cure-induced residual stresses in repaired section of the blades. A numerical framework is used in this paper to evaluate these residual stresses in wind turbine blade sections repaired using UV-curable prepregs. To repair thick laminates, multi-stage repair is investigated, which shows a 13 % reduction in residual stresses compared to single-stage repair. The post-repair behaviour of the repaired section is studied by performing experimental and numerical ana lysis on tensile samples obtained from the repaired composites. Debonding between the repair patch and the substrate composite starts at approximately 60 % of the failure load. The developed model can assist in designing advanced repair protocols that minimize residual stresses and enhance the long-term performance of composite wind turbine blades by optimizing the cure parameters in UV-based repair methods.
风力涡轮机叶片的修复是延长其使用寿命的关键,修复后的结构完整性由于损坏而退化。与传统的热固化相比,紫外光固化预浸料在修复过程中的应用将固化时间从几小时缩短到几分钟,这极大地降低了修复成本。然而,热应变和化学应变差异以及空洞的存在会导致固化诱导的叶片修复部分的残余应力。本文采用数值框架计算了用紫外光固化预浸料修复的风力机叶片截面的残余应力。为了修复厚层压板,研究了多阶段修复,结果表明,与单阶段修复相比,残余应力降低了13 %。通过对修复后的复合材料拉伸试样进行实验和数值分析,研究了修复后截面的修复行为。修复贴片和基板复合材料之间的剥离开始于大约60% %的失效载荷。该模型可以帮助设计先进的修复方案,通过优化紫外线修复方法中的固化参数,最大限度地减少残余应力,提高复合材料风力涡轮机叶片的长期性能。
UV-resistant and light-controlled self-healing lignin-based waterborne polyurethane elastomers for photothermal welding
Jinbang Han, Xiuzhong Zhu, Li Tian, Naishuo Yan, Jinjie Zang, Haitao Zhang, Lei Wang, Fengshan Zhang
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113001
光热焊接用耐紫外线和光控制自愈木质素基水性聚氨酯弹性体
Exploiting inexpensive, bio-derived lignin as a partial replacement for petroleum-based polyols offers a sustainable pathway to high-value lignin applications. However, prior studies have mainly focused on lignin’s reinforcing effects in elastomers, neglecting its potential photothermal properties. Lignin-modified waterborne polyurethane elastomers (LWPUxAy) were synthesized, demonstrating UV resistance, enhanced mechanical robustness, rapid light-controlled self-healing, and photothermal weldability. LWPUxAy exhibited exceptional mechanical properties (51.9 MPa tensile strength, 768.8 % elongation ) and a significantly enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency due to Ag+ ligand bonding. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation (1.25 W/cm2), LWPUxAy rapidly reached a surface temperature exceeding 160 °C within 35 s. The synthesized LWPUxAy demonstrated rapid, light-controlled self-healing and notable welding performance under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation (0.6 W/cm2, 5 min). Furthermore, LWPUx effectively blocked the entire UV spectrum within the 200-400 nm range. Bio-derived lignin was incorporated into light-responsive polyurethane elastomers, resulting in enhanced tensile strength and self-healing efficiency.
开发廉价的生物衍生木质素作为石油基多元醇的部分替代品,为高价值木质素的应用提供了一条可持续的途径。然而,以往的研究主要集中在木质素在弹性体中的增强作用,而忽略了其潜在的光热性质。合成了木质素改性水性聚氨酯弹性体(LWPUxAy),具有抗紫外线、增强的机械坚固性、快速光控自愈性和光热可焊性。LWPUxAy具有优异的力学性能(抗拉强度为51.9 MPa,伸长率为768.8%),并且由于Ag+配体结合而显著提高了光热转换效率。在近红外(NIR)照射下(1.25 W/cm2), LWPUxAy在35 s内迅速达到超过160℃的表面温度。合成的LWPUxAy在近红外(NIR)照射(0.6 W/cm2, 5 min)下表现出快速、光控自愈和显著的焊接性能。此外,LWPUx有效地阻挡了200-400 nm范围内的整个紫外光谱。生物衍生木质素被加入到光响应聚氨酯弹性体中,从而增强了拉伸强度和自愈效率。
Flexible, Breathable and Cuttable Zinc-Air Battery Textile towards Real Wearable Energy Supply Clothing
Zhaolei Ma, Ruoning Bai, Wei Yu, Guoxian Li, He Chen, Chuizhou Meng
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113021
柔性、透气性、可切割性锌-空气电池织物走向真正的可穿戴能源供给服装
The permeable skin electronics have recently emerged as a frontier research direction with the achievement of permeable sensors, organic transistors, and displays. However, due to the complex device structure imposed by the sophisticated electrochemical catalytic reactions, the development of breathable high-energy zinc-air batteries still remains a challenge. Herein, we successfully develop a flexible and breathable zinc-air battery based on the polypropylene nonwoven fabric (PPNWF) towards real wearable energy supply clothing. All of the battery functional components including the catalyst cathode, zinc anode, gel electrolyte and packing encapsulation are constructed on PPNWF through combined technique of plas ma etching, dip-coating, electroplating and photocuring. Balance between sufficient loading of active electrochemical materials for high battery performance and reservation of excellent fabric network for good air permeability of the whole battery device is achieved. The developed zin-air battery exhibits high open-circuit voltage of 1.44 V, high maximum power density of 136 mW cm–2, large specific capacity of 806 mAh g–1 at 2 mA cm–2, and long cycling lifetime of up to 200 h. Meanwhile, the integrated textile zinc-air battery with both breathability and waterproof property can be cut and sewed into fabric clothing in our daily life such as wristband and shirt with customized shapes and modules, capable of offering stable electric energy to power portable electronics such as digital display and phone.
近年来,随着可渗透传感器、有机晶体管、显示器等技术的发展,可渗透皮肤电子技术已成为一个前沿研究方向。然而,由于复杂的电化学催化反应所带来的器件结构复杂,可呼吸高能锌空气电池的开发仍然是一个挑战。在此,我们成功地开发了一种基于聚丙烯非织造布(PPNWF)的柔性透气锌空气电池,用于真正的可穿戴能源供应服装。采用等离子体刻蚀、浸涂、电镀、光固化等工艺,在PPNWF上构建了催化剂阴极、锌阳极、凝胶电解质、填料封装等电池功能部件。实现了活性电化学材料的充分负载以获得较高的电池性能和保留优良的织物网络以获得整个电池装置良好的透气性之间的平衡。所研制的锌空气电池具有1.44 V的高开路电压、136 mW cm-2的高功率密度、2 mA cm-2时806 mAh g-1的大比容量、长达200 h的循环使用寿命。同时,具有透气性和防水性能的一体式纺织锌空气电池,可裁剪缝制到我们日常生活中的面料服装中,如腕带、衬衫等,具有定制的形状和模块。能够提供稳定的电能,为便携式电子产品,如数字显示器和电话供电。
Wavy-microstructure-sandwiched Flexible Composite towards Wearable Monitoring and Acoustic Detecting
Danyi Li, Zimu Li, Shilong Duan, Congcong Lou, Wenwen Li, Ziyang Fan, Xinglong Gong, Honghao Ma, Shouhu Xuan
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113023
波浪形微结构夹层柔性复合材料用于可穿戴式监测和声探测
Flexible composites have been widely used in s mart wearable devices, in which the composites with superior mechanical properties and the abilities to sense multiple physical fields in complex environments have garnered increasing attention. This paper reports a bionic wave structured multifunctional flexible composite (MPAP) which possesses multi-modal response characteristics. MPAP can respond to various mechanical stimuli and generate positive/negative electrical signals in response to bending loads in different directions, allowing for the differentiation of bending directions. The sensitivity reaches -12.88×10−2 mm-1 and 16.02×10−2 mm-1 under in-plane and out-of-plane bending, respectively. When integrated into a Bluetooth sensing gloves, it accurately recognizes different sign language letters. Moreover, due to the enhanced acoustic contact area, the wavy-microstructure enables the MPAP to monitor s mall changes in acoustic intensity, with a sensitivity of 3.44 dB/%. Based on this feature, a sound volume alarm device has been developed to monitor and alert environments with excessive decibel levels in real-time. Furthermore, MPAP exhibits excellent electromagnetic shielding and electric heating performance. Therefore, this randomly distributed wavy-microstructure synergistically enhances the acousto-mechano-electric coupling effect, overcoming the single-function limitation of traditional flexible composite. This innovation offers novel solutions for wearable health monitoring, intelligent security and environmental perception.
柔性复合材料在智能可穿戴设备中得到了广泛的应用,其具有优异的力学性能和在复杂环境中感知多种物理场的能力越来越受到人们的关注。报道了一种具有多模态响应特性的仿生波结构多功能柔性复合材料(MPAP)。MPAP可以响应各种机械刺 激,并根据不同方向的弯曲载荷产生正/负电信号,从而实现弯曲方向的分化。面内弯曲和面外弯曲的灵敏度分别达到-12.88×10−2 mm-1和16.02×10−2 mm-1。当集成到蓝牙感应手套中时,它可以准确识别不同的手语字母。此外,由于增强了声接触面积,波状微结构使MPAP能够监测声强的微小变化,灵敏度为3.44 dB/%。基于这一特性,开发了一种音量报警装置,用于实时监测和警报分贝过高的环境。此外,MPAP还具有良好的电磁屏蔽和电热性能。因此,这种随机分布的波动-微观结构协同增强了声-机电耦合效应,克服了传统柔性复合材料单一功能的局限性。这一创新为可穿戴健康监测、智能安全和环境感知提供了新颖的解决方案。
A new threaded insert reinforced joint to achieve ultra-high performance of CFRP bolted connections
Chang Liu, Xiangfang Kong, Qiang Zhou
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113003
一种新型螺纹插入式增强连接,实现CFRP螺栓连接的超高性能
This paper proposes a novel threaded insert reinforced joint, aiming to achieve ultra-high performance in CFRP bolted connections. Compared with the conventional through-hole and cylindrical insert reinforced joints, this innovative design significantly enhances load-bearing capacity and stiffness, with simulation results validating its structural optimization effect by accurately predicting stress distribution and failure trends. At the core of its performance lies a unique reinforcement mechanis m: it transforms the original shear failure and tensile failure modes into extrusion failure, a critical shift that enables the joint to sustain additional tensile loads even when the material experiences damage. Experimental results confirm that the joint increases strength by 44.5% and stiffness by 36.2%. The threaded insert reinforced joint, as a key component of this joint, delivers multiple performance benefits; it significantly inhibits composite damage—micro-morphological observations of the hole wall show that the cylindrical insert reinforced joint and conventional through-hole joint suffer large-scale matrix cracking, expose numerous matrix fragments, and exhibit obvious fiber bending, while the threaded insert reinforced joint only has slight matrix destruction and limited fiber kinking or breakage—and it also effectively reduces hole circumferential strain and enhances joint strength, stiffness, and energy absorption capacity. Moreover, the joint excels in preload stability: its 24-hour preload relaxation rate is 2.8% and 168-hour rate is 4.8%, far lower than the through-hole joint’s 10.9% and 17.7%, and even after preload relaxation, its strength decreases by only 2.6%, much less than the 18.3% reduction of the through-hole joint, demonstrating exceptional long-term performance stability.
本文提出了一种新型的螺纹插入式增强连接,旨在实现CFRP螺栓连接的超高性能。与传统的通孔和圆柱嵌片增强节点相比,该创新设计显著提高了节点的承载能力和刚度,仿真结果通过准确预测应力分布和破坏趋势,验证了其结构优化效果。其性能的核心在于独特的加固机制:它将原始的剪切破坏和拉伸破坏模式转变为挤压破坏,这是一个关键的转变,即使在材料遭受破坏的情况下,也能使接头承受额外的拉伸载荷。实验结果表明,该接头强度提高44.5%,刚度提高36.2%。螺纹插入增强接头作为该接头的关键部件,具有多种性能优势;对孔壁的微观形貌观察表明,柱形嵌套增强接头和常规通孔接头存在大规模的基体开裂,暴露出大量的基体碎片,纤维弯曲明显,而螺纹嵌套增强接头只有轻微的基体破坏和有限的纤维扭结或断裂,有效地降低了孔周向应变,提高了接头的强度、刚度、和能量吸收能力。同时,该节理具有良好的预紧稳定性,其24小时预紧松弛率为2.8%,168小时预紧松弛率为4.8%,远低于通孔节理的10.9%和17.7%,即使经过预紧松弛,其强度也仅下降2.6%,远低于通孔节理的18.3%,表现出优异的长期性能稳定性。
Multi-scale Finite Element Ana lysis Integrated with Machine Learning for Efficient Prediction of Thermal Conductivity in 3D Orthogonal Woven Composites
Guangnan Shi, Yiwei Ouyang, Yi Ren, Ying Chen, Xingwei Li, Jie Xu, Xiaozhou Gong
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113005
三维正交编织复合材料热导率的多尺度有限元分析与机器学习集成
3D orthogonal woven composites (3DOWCs) have attracted considerable research attention as highly reliable structural materials, primarily due to their unique spatial interwoven structure that exhibits excellent mechanical and thermal stability under harsh working conditions. However, the inherent complexity of their multiscale structure poses significant challenges for thermal conductivity prediction, with traditional methods relying heavily on extensive experiments and incurring high computational costs. To address this issue, this study proposes a multidimensional framework integrating the finite element method (FEM) and machine learning (ML) to replace conventional models for investigating 3DOWCs' effective thermal conductivity. 3DOWC models with various geometric parameters were constructed using Python scripts and TexGen, and a thermal conductivity dataset was obtained via multiscale FEM. Experimental validation using the flash method confirmed FEA reliability, after which combined finite element and experimental data trained ML models, comparing Kriging and artificial neural network (ANN) performance. Results show the Kriging model outperforms traditional approaches and ANN in computational efficiency and accuracy. Additionally, positive correlation between fiber volume fraction and thermal conductivity, and negative correlation with yarn spacing, were identified. This study presents an accurate, efficient prediction method to optimize 3DOWC design for enhanced thermal performance.
三维正交编织复合材料(3DOWCs)作为一种高可靠性的结构材料,其独特的空间交织结构在恶劣的工作条件下表现出优异的机械和热稳定性,引起了人们的广泛关注。然而,它们的多尺度结构固有的复杂性给导热系数预测带来了巨大的挑战,传统的方法严重依赖于大量的实验和高昂的计算成本。为了解决这一问题,本研究提出了一个整合有限元方法(FEM)和机器学习(ML)的多维框架,以取代传统模型来研究3DOWCs的有效导热性。利用Python脚本和TexGen构建了具有不同几何参数的3DOWC模型,并通过多尺度有限元法获得了导热系数数据集。采用flash方法进行实验验证,验证了有限元分析的可靠性,然后结合有限元和实验数据训练ML模型,比较Kriging和人工神经网络(ANN)的性能。结果表明,Kriging模型在计算效率和精度上都优于传统方法和人工神经网络。此外,纤维体积分数与导热系数呈正相关,与纱线间距呈负相关。本研究提出了一种准确、高效的预测方法来优化3DOWC设计,以提高热性能。
Self-Healing CFRP Laminates with CNT-EMAA Thermoplastic System: Experimental and Quantitative Characterization
Gui-hua Xie, Hong-yun Xia, Zi-han Lin, Shuai Xu, Si-qi Yuan
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113010
具有CNT-EMAA热塑性体系的自修复CFRP层压板:实验和定量表征
To address the interlaminar damage commonly initiated in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures, this study developed a self-healing system using carbon nanotubes (CNT)-modified poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA). Three CFRP specimen groups (S35, S40 and S45) with varying EMAA content (35 wt% to 45 wt%) and healing agent grid width (4.5 to 5.5 mm) were fabricated. Sequential bending loading–healing cycle tests were carried out to evaluate the healing performance of CNT-modified EMAA healing systems and quantitatively characterize their healing efficiency. The results demonstrate that all healed specimens retain their original stress-strain behavior characteristics while simultaneously achieving both improved initial cracking strain and high healing efficiencies ranging from 96% to 246%. Across three healing cycles, the cracking stress increases by 13.4% to 80%, with Group S35 showing the largest improvement, followed by S40 and S45. The initial healing cycle predominantly contributes to the pronounced healing efficiencies, while subsequent cycles maintain stable multiple healing effectivity. Both healing agent grid width and content significantly influence these healing characteristics. The self-healing CFRP specimens exhibits stage-wise real-time resistance behaviors that correlate with internal damage evolution. Specifically, sudden resistance surge consistently corresponds to structural crack initiation and propagation. A strong correlation exists between resistance-based healing efficiency ( and stress-based healing efficiency (). Continuous resistance monitoring enables intelligent CFRP structural health and healing efficiency evaluation.
为了解决碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)结构中常见的层间损伤问题,本研究开发了一种使用碳纳米管(CNT)改性聚乙烯-共甲基丙烯酸(EMAA)的自修复系统。制作了三个CFRP试样组(S35, S40和S45),它们具有不同的EMAA含量(35 wt%至45 wt%)和愈合剂网格宽度(4.5至5.5 mm)。通过连续弯曲加载-愈合循环试验,评估碳纳米管修饰的EMAA愈合系统的愈合性能,并定量表征其愈合效率。结果表明,所有修复后的试件均保持了原有的应力-应变行为特征,同时获得了较好的初始开裂应变和较高的修复效率(96% ~ 246%)。在三个愈合周期中,开裂应力增加了13.4%至80%,其中S35组的改善最大,其次是S40和S45。最初的愈合周期主要有助于显著的愈合效率,而随后的周期维持稳定的多重愈合效率。愈合剂网格宽度和含量对愈合特性有显著影响。自愈CFRP试件表现出与内部损伤演化相关的阶段性实时抗力行为。其中,突发性阻力波动与结构裂纹的萌生和扩展一致。基于抵抗的愈合效率()和基于压力的愈合效率()之间存在很强的相关性。连续阻力监测实现CFRP结构健康和愈合效率的智能评估。
An Asymmetric 2D Braiding Strategy for Balancing Hoop and Axial Strength in SiC/SiC Composite Nuclear Fuel Cladding
Fengminyu Xie, Zhaoke Chen, Zhiwei Qiao, Zhennan Xu, Zongxu Wu, Yishan Li, Hongyin Yue, Rongkun Yang, Jiaxiang Xue, Zhengmao Yang, Xiang Xiong
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113013
SiC/SiC复合材料核燃料包壳环向和轴向强度平衡的非对称二维编织策略
To address the challenge of inverted hoop and axial strength in SiC/SiC composite cladding for nuclear reactors, this study introduces an innovative asymmetric two-dimensional (2D) braided design. A multi-scale model was constructed to predict the mechanical properties of the claddings with different braiding structures. Leveraging a chemical vapor infiltration/chemical vapor deposition (CVI/CVD) process, gradient braided specimens with braiding angles of 30°/45° and 50°/42° were fabricated to systematically reveal the regulatory mechanis m of the braiding angle on mechanical properties. Results indicate that the inner braid angle has a more significant impact on mechanical properties, while the outer braid design can compensate for the mechanical property deficiencies caused by the inner braid angle, thereby overcoming the inherent conflict between hoop and axial strengths in traditional symmetric designs. Raman spectroscopy revealed a residual compressive stress of -2.07 GPa in the large-angle braiding structure (50°), contributing to improved hoop strength via prestress strengthening. Parameter weighting an alysis indicated that the inner-layer braiding angle primarily dictates hoop strength, while axial strength is co-regulated by both braiding angle and porosity. This research provides a theoretical foundation for multi-objective optimization of nuclear fuel cladding performance.
为了解决核反应堆SiC/SiC复合材料包层的倒环向和轴向强度挑战,本研究引入了一种创新的非对称二维(2D)编织设计。建立了多尺度模型,对不同编织结构包层的力学性能进行了预测。利用化学气相渗透/化学气相沉积(CVI/CVD)工艺,制备了编织角分别为30°/45°和50°/42°的梯度编织试样,系统揭示了编织角对材料力学性能的调控机制。结果表明,内编织角对复合材料力学性能的影响更为显著,而外编织角设计可以弥补内编织角对复合材料力学性能的影响,从而克服传统对称设计中环向强度与轴向强度的固有冲突。拉曼光谱显示,大角度编织结构(50°)的残余压应力为-2.07 GPa,有助于通过预应力强化提高环箍强度。参数加权分析表明,内层编织角主要决定环向强度,而轴向强度受编织角和孔隙率共同调节。该研究为核燃料包壳性能的多目标优化提供了理论基础。
Fatigue-Resistant and Adaptive Pressure Sensor Based on Thiol-Ene 4D Printing for High-Temperature Multimodal Monitoring
Feiyue Zhou, Wanqi Feng, Lixuan Yang, Jingxing Gui, Yingtao Li, Yuxuan Ma, Dan Yu, Wei Wang
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113020
基于硫醇烯4D打印的耐疲劳自适应压力传感器用于高温多模态监测
High-temperature industrial environments pose significant challenges for adaptive sensors, where critical issues in achieving high-precision pressure/temperature dual-mode detection are used address these challenges. Herein, this study innovatively developed a high-performance adaptive pressure sensor based on thiol-ene click chemistry and digital light processing (DLP) 4D printing technology. A quaternary reaction system comprising pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)/1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) was employed to construct a dual-network structure featuring dynamic hydrogen bonds and covalent crosslinking networks. The synergistic effect between the high thermal stability provided by thioether bonds and the dynamic hydrogen bond reorganization driven by NIPAM phase transition endowed the material with exceptional temperature-responsive properties (shape fixity ratio Rf = 88.5±3.0%, shape recovery ratio Rr = 90.6±3.1%). The three-dimensional conductive/thermal network formed by uniformly dispersed carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) through hydrogen bonding further provided signal trans mission stability. The bioinspired folded hole structure precisely fabricated by DLP technology significantly enhanced sensing performance through geometric strain amplification effects, achieving large deformations of 12.1%, high sensitivity of -0.143 kPa-1, fast response time of 62.2 ms, and excellent fatigue resistance exceeding 2,000 cycles, demonstrating outstanding performance in multimodal detection applications such as high-temperature warning monitoring and motion pattern recognition. The multiscale cooperative design strategy spanning from molecular design to macroscopic structures provides an innovative solution for fabrication of industrial production monitoring sensors and intelligent warning systems.
高温工业环境对自适应传感器提出了重大挑战,实现高精度压力/温度双模式检测的关键问题是解决这些挑战。本研究创新性地开发了一种基于巯基点击化学和数字光处理(DLP) 4D打印技术的高性能自适应压力传感器。采用季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)(PETMP)/聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)/ n -异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)/1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)的季系反应体系,构建了具有动态氢键和共价交联网络的双网络结构。硫醚键提供的高热稳定性与NIPAM相变驱动的动态氢键重组之间的协同作用使材料具有优异的温度响应性能(形状固定比Rf = 88.5±3.0%,形状恢复比Rr = 90.6±3.1%)。均匀分散的羧化多壁碳纳米管(CMWCNTs)通过氢键形成的三维导电/热网络进一步提供了信号传输的稳定性。采用DLP技术精密制造的仿生折叠孔结构通过几何应变放大效应显著增强了传感性能,实现了12.1%的大变形,-0.143 kPa-1的高灵敏度,62.2 ms的快速响应时间,以及超过2000次循环的优异抗疲劳性能,在高温预警监测和运动模式识别等多模态检测应用中表现出出色的性能。从分子设计到宏观结构的多尺度协同设计策略为工业生产监控传感器和智能预警系统的制造提供了一种创新的解决方案。
Structural-Engineered V2O5/MoO3 Nanocomposite Scaffolds via Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing for Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density
Ali Asghar, Muhammad Shahid Rashid, Muhammad Hamza, Mohsin Raza, Iftikhar Hussain, Zhangwei Chen
doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113022
非对称超高面能密度超级电容器结构工程V2O5/MoO3纳米复合材料支架的直接墨水书写3D打印
Due to the dense and disordered distribution of nanomaterials, the bulk electrode structure hindered advancement in energy storage devices. However, 3D printing technology supported the layer-by-layer printing process displays interconnected porous structures that provided the continuous pathways for effective diffusion of ions and electrons transportation, offering the kinetic limitations typically associated with electrode thickness. Herein, a functionalized ink composed of MV0.3/AC/PVDF for both bulk and direct ink writing (DIW) printing, enabling the construction of both electrodes with customized structure in 1-layer and 2-layer configuration. In the AASC testing, the 2-layer printed AASC(3DP-2LMV0.3) revealed a significantly high areal capacity up to 1.54 C cm-2 at 6.2 mg cm-2 mass loading. Furthermore, the 3DP-2LMV0.3 delivered a high areal energy density 333.4 μWh cm-2 compare to 3DP-1LMV0.3 and BMV0.3, without compromising areal power density (2.1 mW cm-2) at current density (1.24 mA cm-2), with the excellent retention of 94.8% after 5k charging/discharging cycles. This work highlights the potential of DIW-3D printing as a scalable approach to construct vertically aligned porous structure with thick electrode scaffolds. It offers a promising platform for advanced energy storage applications with reduced solution resistance for ion/electron transport compared to bulk electrode structures.
由于纳米材料的密集和无序分布,体积电极结构阻碍了储能器件的发展。然而,3D打印技术支持的逐层打印过程显示了相互连接的多孔结构,为离子和电子的有效扩散提供了连续的途径,提供了通常与电极厚度相关的动力学限制。本文研究了一种由MV0.3/AC/PVDF组成的功能化墨水,用于批量和直接墨水书写(DIW)打印,可以在一层和两层配置中构建具有定制结构的电极。在AASC测试中,2层打印AASC(33d - 2lmv0.3)在6.2 mg cm-2质量负载下显示出显著的高面容量,高达1.54 C cm-2。此外,与33d - 1lmv0.3和BMV0.3相比,33d - 2lmv0.3具有更高的面能量密度333.4 μWh cm-2,在电流密度(1.24 mA cm-2)下,面功率密度(2.1 mW cm-2)不变,5k充放电循环后的保留率为94.8%。这项工作突出了DIW-3D打印作为一种可扩展的方法来构建具有厚电极支架的垂直排列多孔结构的潜力。它为先进的能量存储应用提供了一个有前途的平台,与大块电极结构相比,它降低了离子/电子传输的溶液电阻。
In-plane vs. Out-of-plane Auxetic Architecture: Uncoupling Tensile Strength and Indentation Resistance of Layered Composite Structures
Amirreza Tarafdar, Wenhua Lin, Andrea J. Hoe, Yeqing Wang
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111382
面内与面外的形变结构:层状复合材料结构的非耦合拉伸强度和抗压痕性能
Auxetic layered composites offer exceptional resistance to indentation and impact, but their application is often hindered by a critical trade-off in tensile strength. This study first systematically quantifies this compromise, demonstrating through integrated experimental and theoretical ana lysis that an in-plane auxetic design sacrifices over half its ultimate tensile strength compared to a non-auxetic counterpart. This weakness is confirmed to originate from transverse strain amplification that promotes premature failure. The central contribution of this work, however, is the resolution of this long-standing dilemma. We present the design and validation of an out-of-plane auxetic architecture that eliminates the tensile penalty, achieving a comparable tensile strength compared to its stiffness-matched, non-auxetic counterpart. Furthermore, this tensile-friendly design exhibits a remarkable enhancement in indentation resistance. Under quasi-static indentation, it sustains higher loads and shows over 40% less permanent indentation. The micro-CT ana lysis reveals the energy absorption mechanis m. The auxetic effect mitigates damage by promoting widespread, energy dissipating internal delamination. Ultimately, this research proves that the tensile trade-off is not an intrinsic gap but a solvable design challenge. It provides a clear pathway toward multifunctional composites that are simultaneously tensile reliable and indentation resistant, significantly advancing their potential for demanding structural applications.
增生性层状复合材料具有优异的抗压痕和抗冲击性能,但其应用往往受到抗拉强度的关键权衡的阻碍。本研究首先系统地量化了这种妥协,通过综合实验和理论分析证明,与非辅助设计相比,平面内辅助设计牺牲了一半以上的极限抗拉强度。这一弱点被证实是由于横向应变放大导致过早失效。然而,这项工作的核心贡献是解决了这一长期存在的困境。我们提出了一种面外辅助结构的设计和验证,该结构消除了拉伸损失,与刚度匹配的非辅助结构相比,达到了相当的拉伸强度。此外,这种拉伸友好型设计在抗压痕方面表现出显着的增强。在准静态压痕下,它承受更高的载荷,并且显示出超过40%的永久性压痕。显微ct分析揭示了能量吸收机理。补缺效应通过促进广泛的、能量耗散的内部分层来减轻损害。最终,本研究证明了拉伸权衡不是一个内在的差距,而是一个可解决的设计挑战。它为多功能复合材料提供了一条清晰的道路,这些复合材料同时具有拉伸可靠性和抗压痕性,显著提高了它们在高要求结构应用中的潜力。