【新文速递】2025年10月8日复合材料SCI期刊最新文章

   

今日更新：Composite Structures 8 篇，Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 8 篇，Composites Part B: Engineering 2 篇

Composite Structures

The influence of coupled thickness variation in the aeroelastic response of continuous tow sheared composite wing

Harry J. Leitch, Olivia Stodieck, Jie Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119706

耦合厚度变化对连续拖剪复合材料机翼气动弹性响应的影响

Continuous tow shearing (CTS) as a promising fibre tailoring manufacturing technique can significantly improve composite structures’ buckling resistance and aeroelastic response. However, the orientation of the steered fibres will often affect the thickness of the CTS composites, which cannot be normally modelled by classical Tsai lamination parameters, possibly leading to under-/overestimation of their aero-mechanical performance of aerospace systems. This study investigates the impact of coupled thickness variation on the aeroelastic behaviour of typical aerospace structures. A tow-sheared composite wing is used as a test case, encompassing both a 2D cantilevered plate model and a 3D cantilevered aerofoil shaped wing model. For the 2D plate model, the effects of thickness coupling on aeroelastic response were ana lysed using a modified semi-ana lytical formulation alongside numerical finite element an alysis for various fibre layouts. In the 3D test case, finite element a nalysis was employed to assess the impact. The results indicate that, for specific layups, coupled thickness variation significantly influences flutter speed by up to 14% in the 2D case and 12% in the 3D case. This suggests that Tsai lamination parameters alone may not be suitable for modelling CTS structures without accounting for thickness variation. Furthermore, uncertainty a nalysis reveals that, for both 2D and 3D test cases, the coupled thickness variation has a considerable effect on the uncertainty distribution of flutter speed, altering both its mean value and standard deviation in both test cases.

连续束剪切（CTS）是一种很有前途的纤维裁剪制造技术，可以显著提高复合材料结构的抗屈曲性能和气动弹性响应。然而，定向纤维的取向往往会影响CTS复合材料的厚度，这通常不能用经典的Tsai层压参数来建模，可能导致对航空航天系统的航空力学性能的低估/高估。本文研究了耦合厚度变化对典型航空航天结构气动弹性性能的影响。采用双剪复合材料机翼作为试验用例，包括二维悬臂板模型和三维悬臂翼型机翼模型。对于二维板模型，采用改进的半解析公式和数值有限元分析方法，分析了厚度耦合对不同纤维布局的气动弹性响应的影响。在三维试验用例中，采用有限元分析对冲击进行评估。结果表明，对于特定的铺层，耦合厚度变化对颤振速度的影响显著，在二维情况下可达14%，在三维情况下可达12%。这表明，如果不考虑厚度变化，单独的Tsai层压参数可能不适合模拟CTS结构。此外，不确定性分析表明，对于二维和三维测试用例，耦合厚度变化对颤振速度的不确定性分布有相当大的影响，改变了两种测试用例的平均值和标准差。

An equivalent numerical model and ready-to-use design approach for grid enhanced honeycomb composite in vessel collision fender

Jiefu Liu, Kangpei Meng, Ziping Lei, Feng Gao, Hao Di, Chengxing Yang

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119709

网格增强蜂窝复合材料船舶防撞挡泥板等效数值模型及实用设计方法

Metallic honeycomb is a high-performance energy-absorbing material widely implemented in protective engineering, presents a potential design solution for bridge anti-collision fender. However, the cellular geometric configuration of honeycombs combined with the large-scale characteristics of infrastructures inevitably leads to excessive mesh quantities in finite element models, resulting in prohibitively low efficiency during iterative design processes. The solid-equivalent model is a substitute for refined hexagonal-cell model. While existing equivalent models demonstrate satisfactory simulation accuracy under uniaxial stress states, they exhibit critical limitations in complex stress scenarios, e.g. distorted deformation patterns and excessive structural stiffness. This study proposes a modified solid-equivalent modeling approach through activation of higher-order yield surface functions. By conducting stress tests under orthogonal principal direction and multi-angle non-uniaxial compression tests on honeycomb structures, the parameters for higher-order yield functions in equivalent models are systematically determined. Furthermore, the influence of solid element types on deformation distortion control is investigated, leading to optimized element selection for improved accuracy. The computational precision of the modified equivalent model is validated through non-uniform quasi-static compression tests on honeycomb-grid composites and drop-weight impact tests on honeycomb-grid sandwich structures simulating fender configurations. For bridge anti-collision design applications, a high efficiency design workflow is established, comprising three key phases: 1) design domain determination based on bow geometric profiles, 2) parametric preliminary selection through equivalent solid modeling and crashworthiness evaluation, and 3) energy principle-based parametric design verification.

金属蜂窝是一种在防护工程中广泛应用的高性能吸能材料，为桥梁防撞挡泥板的设计提供了一种潜在的解决方案。然而，蜂窝的蜂窝状几何形态和基础设施的大规模特征不可避免地导致有限元模型中网格数量过多，从而导致迭代设计过程中的效率极低。固体等效模型是对精化六边形单元模型的一种替代。虽然现有的等效模型在单轴应力状态下具有令人满意的模拟精度，但在复杂应力情况下，例如变形模式扭曲和结构刚度过大，它们存在严重的局限性。本研究通过激活高阶屈服面函数，提出了一种改进的固体等效建模方法。通过对蜂窝结构进行正交主方向应力试验和多角度非单轴压缩试验，系统地确定了等效模型中高阶屈服函数的参数。此外，还研究了实体单元类型对变形变形控制的影响，从而优化单元选择以提高精度。通过蜂窝-网格复合材料非均匀准静态压缩试验和模拟挡泥板结构的蜂窝-网格夹层结构落锤冲击试验，验证了修正等效模型的计算精度。针对桥梁防撞设计应用，建立了高效的设计工作流程，包括三个关键阶段：1)基于弓形轮廓的设计域确定；2)通过等效实体建模和耐撞性评估进行参数初步选择；3)基于能量原理的参数化设计验证。

Damage suppression and process optimization in grinding CFRP circular cells under thermo-mechanical coupling

Zhigang Dong, Yanling Feng, Yan Wang, Yan Bao, Renke Kang, Yan Qin

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119715

热-力耦合下CFRP圆片磨削损伤抑制及工艺优化

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) circular cells are critical in aerospace applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, during end-face grinding, thermal challenges arise as heat buildup can exceed the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix material (Tg), leading to thermal overload. This results in matrix softening and reduced fiber reinforcement, causing subsurface tearing, fiber–matrix debonding, and compromised structural integrity. Despite the importance of managing grinding-induced thermal effects, there is limited research on temperature distribution, damage mechanis ms, and process optimization for CFRP circular cells. This study investigates the end-face grinding of CFRP circular cells using real-time thermal imaging to monitor temperature field distribution. Key process parameters — grinding speed (vs), cut-out angle (φ), axial grinding depth (ap), and feed rate (f)—are an alyzed for their impact on grinding temperature, force, and thermal defects. The objective of this study is to address the critical gap in understanding thermal behavior and damage mechanis ms during end-face grinding of CFRP circular cells—thin-walled, low-rigidity structures distinct from conventional CFRP laminates. Its novelty lies in: (1) focusing on the unique thermo-mechanical response of circular cell architectures (rather than laminates) under grinding; (2) establishing a geometric model of contact arc length to link cut-out angles with material removal mechanis ms; and (3) quantifying the correlation between process parameters, localized thermal softening, and damage propagation. Results reveal that resin thermal softening due to localized heat exacerbates interfacial debonding, accelerating damage propagation. Parametric optimization, including grinding speeds below 10.5 m/s, cut-out angles between 120° and 140°, and feed rates above 0.2 mm/r, maintains grinding temperatures below the resin Tg, preventing pyrolysis and preserving fiber–matrix bond strength. These findings provide a basis for high-precision, low-damage CFRP circular cell processing.

碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）圆柱形单元在航空航天应用中至关重要，因其具有很高的强度重量比。然而，在端面磨削过程中，由于热积聚可能超过树脂基体材料的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），从而导致热过载，因此会出现热学方面的挑战。这会导致基体软化和纤维增强效果降低，进而造成亚表面撕裂、纤维与基体脱粘以及结构完整性受损。尽管管理磨削引起的热效应十分重要，但对于 CFRP 圆柱形单元的温度分布、损伤机制以及工艺优化方面的研究却十分有限。本研究采用实时热成像技术监测温度场分布，对 CFRP 圆柱形单元的端面磨削进行研究。重点分析了磨削速度（vs）、切削角（φ）、轴向磨削深度（ap）和进给率（f）等关键工艺参数对磨削温度、磨削力和热缺陷的影响。本研究旨在填补对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）圆柱形蜂窝结构在端面磨削过程中热行为及损伤机制理解上的空白。这种结构是薄壁、低刚度的，与传统的 CFRP 层压板不同。其创新之处在于：（1）关注圆柱形蜂窝结构（而非层压板）在磨削过程中的独特热机械响应；（2）建立接触弧长的几何模型，将切削角度与材料去除机制联系起来；（3）量化工艺参数、局部热软化与损伤扩展之间的相关性。研究结果表明，由于局部热量导致的树脂热软化加剧了界面脱粘，从而加速了损伤扩展。通过参数优化，包括磨削速度低于 10.5 米/秒、切削角度在 120°至 140°之间以及进给速度高于 0.2 毫米/转，可将磨削温度保持在树脂玻璃化转变温度以下，从而防止热解并保持纤维与基体的粘结强度。这些发现为实现高精度、低损伤的 CFRP 圆柱形蜂窝结构加工提供了基础。

Flexible gradient phase-change composite films with superior thermal management and EMI shielding performance

Guangyin Liu, Tao Huang, Shiqi Chen, Jun Shen

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119721

柔性梯度相变复合薄膜具有优越的热管理和电磁干扰屏蔽性能

The high power flux and frequent thermal surges in electronic devices pose significant challenges to the performance and reliability of thermal management materials. Conventional single phase change material (PCM) is inadequate for repeated thermal shock mitigation. Herein, a novel gradient phase change thermal management material (GPCTCM) strategy is proposed for the first time, which is realized through the fabrication of Multi-LM@MXene and cellulose microfibers (Multi-LM@MXene/CMF) composite film. The composite films are systematically characterized through experimental and numerical simulation methods. Results show that the films exhibit dual-phase change behavior at 12.5 °C and 61.0 °C, with a high latent heat of 29.7  J/g. They also demonstrate isotropic thermal conductivity of 9.47  W/m·K and outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 70.0  dB. The incorporation of low-melting-point EGaIn into microvoids significantly enhances both thermal and electrical conductivity, enabling a temperature drop of up to about 30 °C in light emitting diode (LED) thermal manegment applications. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that heterogeneous interfaces promote interfacial polarization coupling, further improving EMI attenuation. Additionally, the structural support provided by CMF imparts a tensile strength of 7.3  MPa and markedly reduces liquid metal leakage. These findings confirm that the synergistic integration of multiple-phase-transition liquid metals can effectively enhance the thermal and electrical performance of composite materials. This work offers a new paradigm for the design and development of advanced thermal interface materials for high-performance electronic systems.

电子器件中的高功率磁通和频繁的热浪涌对热管理材料的性能和可靠性提出了重大挑战。传统的单相相变材料（PCM）不足以缓解反复的热冲击。本文首次提出了一种新的梯度相变热管理材料（GPCTCM）策略，该策略通过制备Multi-LM@MXene和纤维素微纤维（Multi-LM@MXene/CMF）复合膜来实现。通过实验和数值模拟方法对复合膜进行了系统表征。结果表明，该薄膜在12.5 °C和61.0 °C时表现为双相变行为，潜热高达29.7  J/g。它们的各向同性导热系数为9.47  W/m·K，屏蔽电磁干扰（EMI）的效率为70.0  dB。将低熔点EGaIn结合到微孔中可以显著提高导热性和导电性，在发光二极管（LED）热管理应用中可以实现高达30 °C的温度下降。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，非均质界面促进了界面极化耦合，进一步改善了电磁干扰衰减。此外，CMF提供的结构支撑提供了7.3  MPa的抗拉强度，显著减少了液态金属泄漏。这些发现证实了多相变液态金属的协同集成可以有效地提高复合材料的热学和电学性能。这项工作为高性能电子系统的先进热界面材料的设计和开发提供了一个新的范例。

Design and compression properties of novel interpenetrating phase composite structures based on implicit function control

Kedi Wang, Han Wang, Jiawei Zhang, Xueling Fan

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119722

基于隐式函数控制的新型互穿相复合材料结构设计及压缩性能研究

Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) structures utilize the interlocking and continuity between two phases, along with high damage tolerance, to effectively disperse and transfer stress. This results in significant improvements in the material’s strength, stiffness, and toughness. In this study, a method for calculating the equivalent modulus of IPC structures is proposed using principles of calculus combined with equal stress and equal strain assumptions. This approach provides theoretical support for the design of novel IPC structures. On this basis, the new lattice was generated by controlling implicit function inputs, and the complementary structure was obtained via Boolean operations to form the final IPC structure. Experimental and numerical an alyses were conducted to compare key performance metrics and elucidate the synergistic mechanis ms. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the novel lattice and IPC structures have improved significantly, likely due to the presence of continuous regions of reinforcement phase parallel to the loading direction. These novel IPC structures promoted stretching-dominated deformation behavior, and the yield strength and energy absorption capacity under dynamic loading are increased by approximately 60 % and 25 %, respectively.

互穿相复合材料（IPC）结构利用两相之间的互锁和连续性，以及高损伤容限，有效地分散和传递应力。这使得材料的强度、刚度和韧性有了显著的提高。在本研究中，提出了一种计算IPC结构等效模量的方法，该方法采用微积分原理结合等应力和等应变假设。该方法为新型IPC结构的设计提供了理论支持。在此基础上，通过控制隐函数输入生成新的格，并通过布尔运算得到互补结构，形成最终的IPC结构。实验和数值分析比较了关键性能指标，并阐明了协同机制。结果表明，新型晶格和IPC结构的力学性能得到了显著改善，这可能是由于存在平行于加载方向的连续增强相区域。这些新型IPC结构促进了拉伸主导的变形行为，在动荷载下的屈服强度和能量吸收能力分别提高了约60%和25%。

Theoretical ana lysis of the dynamic response of in-plane honeycomb sandwich beams exposed to explosive loads

Zichen Yan, Yan Liu, Junbo Yan, Wen Wu, Fan Bai, Fenglei Huang

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119714

爆炸荷载作用下面内蜂窝夹层梁动力响应的理论分析

This study establishes a novel ana lytical model for blast response prediction in auxetic and regular honeycomb sandwich beams (AHS Bs and RHS Bs). The model advances blast an alysis by integrating the core’s compressive dynamic strength, explicitly addressing auxetic negative Poisson’s ratio effects. A refined average compressive strain formulation captures core deformation non-uniformity. This framework accurately quantifies maximum deflection and energy absorption. Validation used experimental deflection data and numerical energy results. Results show significant blast performance superiority of AHS Bs versus size-matched RHS Bs. At 0.7971 m/kg1/3 scaled distance, deflections reduced by 20 % with 10.47 % higher energy absorption. At 0.8617 m/kg1/3, deflections lowered 11.41 % with 42.39 % greater energy absorption. The performance enhancement stems from auxetic cores’ greater average compressive strain. NSGA-II optimization applied to this validated model generated HS B designs maximizing specific energy absorption while minimizing deflection.

本研究建立了一种新的分析模型来预测异形和规则蜂窝夹层梁（AHS Bs和RHS Bs）的爆炸响应。该模型通过整合岩心的抗压动强度来推进爆炸分析，明确地解决了负泊松比效应。精炼的平均压缩应变公式捕获岩心变形不均匀性。该框架准确地量化了最大挠度和能量吸收。利用实验挠度数据和数值能量结果进行验证。结果表明，与尺寸匹配的rhs b相比，AHS Bs具有显著的爆炸性能优势。在0.7971 m/ kg3 /3的缩放距离下，偏转减少20 %，能量吸收增加10.47 %。在0.8617 m/kg1/3时，偏转降低11.41 %，能量吸收增加42.39 %。性能的提高主要源于缺氧性岩心的平均压缩应变增大。NSGA-II优化应用于该验证模型生成的HS B设计最大化比能吸收，同时最小化挠度。

Controlled morphing of structures using s mart piezoelectric patches subject to thermo-electro-mechanical loading

Tongyu Wu, S.A. Meguid

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119719

基于热-电-机械载荷的智能压电片控制结构变形

S mart composite laminates (SCLs) integrated with distributed piezoelectric patches have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to actively change shape in response to external stimuli. However, the multi-physics nature and nonlinear mechanical behavior of SCLs in practical applications pose engineering challenges, particularly due to the lack of performance assess ment and treatment of this highly coupled system. To address these challenges, we develop a fully coupled nonlinear finite element (FE) model that incorporates temperature-dependent constitutive relations, third-order shear deformation hypothesis, and von Kármán geometric nonlinearity to study the shape control of SCLs under thermo-mechanical loading. The FE model is rigorously validated against existing numerical and experimental results. We also proposed a gradient descent algorithm specially designed for this coupled nonlinear problem to compute control voltages efficiently. Using the developed framework, we investigate the thermal effect and the influence of number, size and location of piezoelectric patches on shape morphing performance. The results indicate that higher temperatures offer improved shape morphing capability due to the decreased plate stiffness and the increased piezoelectric coefficient. Additionally, this study offers practical insights into the design of piezoelectric patch configurations and control strategies to achieve efficient, adaptive morphing of structures under different working environments.

集成了分布式压电片的智能复合材料层压板（SCLs）由于其能够响应外部刺 激而主动改变形状而引起了相当大的兴趣。然而，在实际应用中，scl的多物理场特性和非线性力学行为给工程带来了挑战，特别是由于缺乏对这种高耦合系统的性能评估和处理。为了解决这些挑战，我们开发了一个完全耦合的非线性有限元（FE）模型，该模型结合了温度相关的本构关系、三阶剪切变形假设和von Kármán几何非线性来研究热机械载荷下scl的形状控制。根据已有的数值和实验结果，对有限元模型进行了严格的验证。针对这种耦合非线性问题，我们提出了一种梯度下降算法来有效地计算控制电压。利用开发的框架，我们研究了热效应以及压电片的数量、尺寸和位置对形状变形性能的影响。结果表明，温度越高，板刚度越小，压电系数越高，变形能力越强。此外，本研究为压电片结构的设计和控制策略提供了实用的见解，以实现不同工作环境下结构的高效、自适应变形。

Three-dimensional static an alysis of magneto-electro-elastic composite shells

S. Brischetto, D. Cesare, T. Mondino

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119725

磁-电弹性复合材料壳的三维静力分析

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the behaviour of simply-supported multilayered s mart shells embedding piezomagnetic and piezoelectric layers. A three-dimensional (3D) approach is taken into account considering the mixed curvilinear orthogonal reference system for spherical shells, cylindrical shells and cylinders. The 3D magneto-electro-elastic problem for shells is composed by a set of second order differential equations for spherical shells: the three 3D equilibrium equations, the 3D divergence equation for the magnetic induction and the 3D divergence equation for the electric displacement. The solution procedure involves the use of Navier harmonic forms in the in-plane directions and the exponential matrix method in the thickness direction. Both sensor and actuator configurations for simply supported structures can be an alyzed thanks to proper load boundary impositions on external surfaces. A layer-wise approach is implemented because congruence conditions on displacements, magnetic and electric potentials and equilibrium conditions on transverse shear and transverse normal stresses, transverse normal magnetic induction and transverse normal electric displacement are imposed between two adjacent layers. In the results section, a first subsection for the validation of the present model is proposed considering comparisons with other results in literature. The proposed 3D model is more general than 3D models proposed in the literature because it uses a general formulation for several geometries, lamination schemes and load conditions. In the second subsection, new cases are shown. Tabular values and graphical trends along the thickness direction are given for different variables. These new cases can be used to investigate magneto-electro-elastic coupling, material layer and thickness layer effects on curved s mart structures with different geometries and load boundary conditions. Moreover, these results can be used as references for those scientists interested in the validation of 2D/3D numerical models because the proposed 3D model is exact, layer wise and it correctly considers zigzag effects and interlaminar continuity conditions. An accurate 3D evaluation of all the elasto-electro-magnetic variables in s mart structures allows a more effective design for both sensor and actuator configurations.

本文研究了嵌入压电层和压磁层的简支多层智能壳的性能。考虑了球壳、圆柱壳和圆柱壳的混合曲线正交参照系的三维方法。球壳的三维磁电弹性问题由球壳的一组二阶微分方程组成：三个三维平衡方程、三维磁感应散度方程和三维电位移散度方程。求解过程包括在平面方向上使用纳维调和形式，在厚度方向上使用指数矩阵法。由于在外表面施加适当的载荷边界，简支结构的传感器和执行器配置都可以进行分析。由于在相邻的两层之间施加了位移、磁势和电势的同余条件以及横向剪切和横向正应力、横向法向磁感应和横向法向电位移的平衡条件，因此实现了分层方法。在结果部分，考虑到与文献中其他结果的比较，提出了验证本模型的第一小节。所提出的3D模型比文献中提出的3D模型更通用，因为它使用了几种几何形状、层压方案和负载条件的通用公式。在第二小节中，显示了新的病例。对于不同的变量，给出了沿厚度方向的表格值和图形趋势。这些新案例可用于研究具有不同几何形状和载荷边界条件的弯曲智能结构的磁-电弹性耦合、材料层和厚度层效应。此外，这些结果可以为那些对二维/三维数值模型的验证感兴趣的科学家提供参考，因为所提出的三维模型是精确的，分层的，正确考虑了之字形效应和层间连续性条件。对智能结构中所有弹性电磁变量进行精确的3D评估，可以更有效地设计传感器和执行器配置。

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

Process-Driven porosity Control in carbon Nanotubes-Modified Polyetherimide- short carbon fiber composites for Large-Area additive manufacturing

Ajay Kadiyala, John Hana, Viswanath Sastry Kaliseti, Karthik Rajan Venkatesan, Shahab Zekriardehani, Ajay Krishnamurthy, Joseph G. Lawrence

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109328

大面积增材制造用碳纳米管改性聚醚酰亚胺短碳纤维复合材料的工艺驱动孔隙率控制

This article presents an investigation into the influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) loading on electrical properties, rheology, printability, and mechanical properties of polyetherimide- Short carbon fiber (PEI-SCF) composites for large area additive manufacturing (LAAM). Two PEI-SCF composites with similar carbon fiber (SCF) content and different CNT loadings, labeled PEI1 (lower CNT loading) and PEI2 (higher CNT loading, twice that of PEI1), were a alyzed. During compounding, it was observed that the higher CNT content led to increased viscosity and porosity in the extruded pellets. When these pellets were used for the injection molding process, both PEI1 and PEI2 yielded samples with similar mechanical properties due to consistent injection pressure. However, after LAAM, PEI1 retained the injection molding strength better than PEI2 due to lower overall porosity and superior print quality. Density measurements showed a direct correlation with strength in the X plane, where lower-density samples had lower strength and higher void content. In contrast, the void location and interface healing were the primary factors driving the Z strength. The results highlight the significance of CNT content in managing rheology, printability, and print quality, thereby improving the mechanical properties of PEI-SCF composites produced via LAAM. Lower temperatures and extended layer times improved print quality and reduced porosity for both formulations, though they impacted the Z-axis strength. Overall, PEI1 with lower CNT content demonstrated better printability and mechanical properties compared to PEI2 with higher CNT content. Further, the addition of CNTs resulted in a significant reduction in both surface and volume resistivity compared to PEI reinforced solely with carbon fibers.

本文研究了碳纳米管（CNT）负载对用于大面积增材制造（LAAM）的聚醚酰亚胺-短碳纤维（PEI-SCF）复合材料的电学性能、流变性、可打印性和力学性能的影响。分析了两种碳纤维（SCF）含量相似、碳纳米管装载量不同的PEI-SCF复合材料，分别标记为PEI1（碳纳米管装载量较低）和PEI2（碳纳米管装载量较高，是PEI1的两倍）。在复合过程中，观察到更高的碳纳米管含量导致挤压球团的粘度和孔隙率增加。当这些颗粒用于注射成型工艺时，由于一致的注射压力，PEI1和PEI2产生的样品具有相似的机械性能。然而，经过LAAM后，由于整体孔隙率较低，打印质量较好，PEI1的注塑强度优于PEI2。密度测量结果显示，在 X 平面上，密度越低的样品强度越低，孔隙含量越高。相比之下，孔隙位置和界面愈合是驱动Z强度的主要因素。研究结果强调了碳纳米管含量在控制流变性、可打印性和打印质量方面的重要性，从而改善了通过LAAM生产的PEI-SCF复合材料的机械性能。较低的温度和延长的层数提高了两种配方的打印质量，降低了孔隙率，尽管它们会影响z轴强度。总体而言，与碳纳米管含量较高的PEI2相比，碳纳米管含量较低的PEI1具有更好的印刷性能和机械性能。此外，与仅用碳纤维增强的PEI相比，CNTs的加入显著降低了表面和体积电阻率。

Evaluation of silver coatings Fabricated from molecular inks for lightning strike protection of aircraft composite structures

Behnam Ashrafi, Bhavana Deore, Pablo Chávez-Gómez, Marc Genest, Catalin Mandache, Chantal Paquet, Arnold Kell, Xiangyang Liu

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109343

分子油墨制备的飞机复合材料结构防雷用银涂层的评价

Unlike metallic structures, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites need additional protection against lightning strikes when used on external aircraft surfaces, which can hinder the weight-saving benefits of composite-based designs. In this study, we evaluate two silver (Ag)-based molecular inks (MINKs) as potential replacements for commercial expanded metal foils (EMFs)/adhesive: a silver neodecanoate ink, which decomposes at 140–200 °C as a high-temperature (HT) MINK and a silver oxalate ink, which decomposes at 110–150 °C as a low-temperature (LT) MINK. Initially, s mall-scale current-carrying capacity (CCC) tests were conducted to determine the current density at breakdown (Jb). The specific Jb of the coatings made from the Ag-based inks is two to three times higher than that of the EMF/adhesive. CCC test results suggest silver coatings with thickness ranging from 3.5 to 7.0 µm were as effective as baseline EMFs. Cross-hatch adhesion tests performed on coated CFRPs indicated excellent adhesion between the inks and the CFRP substrate. The resistivity of the coatings, measured using the four-point probe method, ranged from 20 to 23 µΩ·cm for the HT inks and from 15 to 25 µΩ·cm for the LT inks. Subsequently, bench-scale simulated lightning strike (LS) tests were performed using a standard waveform applicable to aircraft lightning Zone 2A on panels coated with the selected inks and EMF/adhesive. Non-destructive methods, including ultrasonic testing and eddy current an alysis, were used to assess damage to the CFRP and the lightning strike protective layer, respectively. Compression testing, adapted from the compression-after-impact standard, was performed on stroke specimens, indicating that with 7 µm-thick coatings (both HT and LT) provided residual compression strength comparable to EMF-protected CFRPs. The findings indicate that Ag-based MINKs form conductive coatings that provide an adequate level of protection to CFRP substrates compared to the existing commercial EMF/adhesive method, while reducing the weight by approximately 75 %.

与金属结构不同，碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料在用于飞机外部表面时需要额外的防雷保护，这可能会削弱基于复合材料设计的减重优势。在本研究中，我们评估了两种银（Ag）基分子墨水（MINKs）作为商用金属箔（EMF）/胶粘剂的潜在替代品：一种是银新癸酸酯墨水，其在 140 - 200℃ 分解，作为高温（HT）MINK；另一种是银草酸酯墨水，其在 110 - 150℃ 分解，作为低温（LT）MINK。首先进行了小规模的载流能力（CCC）测试，以确定击穿电流密度（Jb）。由银基墨水制成的涂层的特定 Jb 是 EMF/胶粘剂的两到三倍。CCC 测试结果表明，厚度在 3.5 至 7.0 微米之间的银涂层与基准 EMF 一样有效。对涂覆的 CFRP 进行的十字交叉附着力测试表明，墨水与 CFRP 基材之间具有出色的附着力。采用四点探针法测量涂层的电阻率，高温油墨的电阻率在 20 至 23 微欧·厘米之间，低温油墨的电阻率在 15 至 25 微欧·厘米之间。随后，对涂有选定油墨和电磁屏蔽胶带/胶粘剂的面板进行了适用于飞机雷击区 2A 的标准波形的台架规模模拟雷击（LS）测试。分别采用超声波检测和涡流分析等无损检测方法评估了碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）和雷击防护层的损伤情况。对雷击后的试样进行了压缩测试，该测试方法改编自冲击后压缩标准。结果表明，7 微米厚的涂层（高温和低温油墨）提供的残余压缩强度与电磁屏蔽胶带/胶粘剂保护的 CFRP 相当。研究结果表明，银基 MINKs 形成的导电涂层对 CFRP 基材的保护效果与现有的商业电磁屏蔽胶带/胶粘剂方法相当，同时重量减轻约 75%。

Enhancing the high-cycle fatigue property of aluminum alloy by adding fine-sized hard particles

H. Wang, Z.J. Zhang, S.Z. Zhu, X.T. Li, Y.K. Zhu, R. Liu, J.P. Hou, B.S. Gong, H.Z. Liu, D. Wang, Z.Y. Ma, Z.F. Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109344

通过添加细粒硬质颗粒提高铝合金的高周疲劳性能

This study investigates the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with B4C particles of varying sizes and their unreinforced matrix. Key findings reveal that while AMCs exhibit less favorable strength and ductility than the unreinforced alloy, fine reinforcement particles significantly enhance the HCF properties of AMCs. The enhanced HCF properties is attributed to three aspects: (i) weakened texture orientation density and transition from soft [001] fiber texture to hard [111] fiber texture; (ii) decreased stress level of matrix nearby the reinforcement particles, and (iii) residual compressive stress induced in the dangerous zone. As particle size decreases, the HCF properties further increases which is related to lowered probability of particle cracking, increased resistance to crack initiation and propagation within matrix, and enhanced matrix strengthening effect. Concurrently, the distinct bimodal fatigue life distribution observed in AMCs with coarse particle diminishes as particle cracking ceases to dominate fatigue failure. These findings elucidate the superior HCF properties of fine-particle reinforced AMCs, and provide a foundation for fatigue-resistant composite design.

研究了不同尺寸B4C颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其未增强基体的高周疲劳性能。主要研究结果表明，尽管AMCs的强度和延展性不如未增强的合金，但细增强颗粒显著提高了AMCs的HCF性能。HCF性能增强的原因有三个方面：(1)织构取向密度减弱，由软纤维[001]织构向硬纤维[111]织构过渡；(2)增强颗粒附近基体应力水平降低，(3)危险区残余压应力诱发。随着颗粒尺寸的减小，HCF性能进一步提高，降低了颗粒的开裂概率，增加了抗裂纹在基体内萌生和扩展的能力，增强了基体的强化效果。同时，随着颗粒裂纹不再主导疲劳失效，粗颗粒复合材料明显的双峰疲劳寿命分布减弱。这些发现阐明了细颗粒增强AMCs优越的HCF性能，为抗疲劳复合材料的设计提供了基础。

Machining-induced damage in milling of Cf/SiC composites: mechanis ms and evaluation methods

Zhiwen Nian, Guolong Zhao, Li Zhu, Haotian Yang, Liang Li

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109322

Cf/SiC复合材料铣削加工损伤机理及评价方法

Carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (Cf/SiC) composites have been widely utilized in the aerospace industry due to their high specific strength and ablation resistance. However, owing to their high hardness, brittleness, and anisotropy, machining-induced damages are prone to occur. In this study, the formation mechanis ms of milling-induced damage in Cf/SiC composites were investigated. The results demonstrated that pit damage, as the most prominent form of milling-induced damage, exhibits three primary formation mechanis ms: crushing damage caused by axial machining loads compressing subsurface inherent defects, extrusion cracking damage resulting from radial-load-induced crack propagation along fiber bundles, and fragment spalling damage occurring when the tool’s compressive and scraping actions on fragments within inherent defects cause damage expansion. A novel damage evaluation model for milling Cf/SiC composites was established by weighting the maximum damage depth with the ratio of newly generated damage area to the total machined area. A response prediction model for the damage index was developed with respect to three parameters: cutting speed, feed pre tooth, and radial depth of cut. Verification tests conducted with the optimized parameters yielded results with a deviation of 2.26% from the predicted model, confirming the reliability of the prediction model.

碳纤维增强碳化硅（Cf/SiC）复合材料具有高比强度和抗烧蚀性能，在航空航天领域得到了广泛的应用。然而，由于其高硬度、脆性和各向异性，容易发生加工损伤。研究了Cf/SiC复合材料铣削损伤的形成机制。结果表明，坑损伤是铣削诱发损伤中最突出的一种形式，其主要形成机制有三种：轴向加工载荷压缩亚表面固有缺陷导致的破碎损伤，径向载荷诱导的纤维束裂纹扩展导致的挤压开裂损伤，刀具对固有缺陷内碎片的压缩和刮擦作用导致损伤扩展导致的碎片剥落损伤。通过将最大损伤深度与新生成损伤面积占总加工面积之比加权，建立了一种新的铣削Cf/SiC复合材料损伤评价模型。建立了基于切削速度、进给预齿和径向切削深度三个参数的损伤指标响应预测模型。利用优化后的参数进行验证试验，结果与预测模型偏差为2.26%，验证了预测模型的可靠性。

Realization of multi-band microwave absorption and direction-designability in FeSiAl@SiC composite via metastructure-induced interfacial coherent cancellation

Xiaohan Liu, Fushan Li, Lujie Zhang, Mengli Tian, Huanrong Tian, Zhuang Liu, Ke Bi, Zidong Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109342

利用元结构诱导界面相干抵消实现FeSiAl@SiC复合材料的多波段微波吸收和方向可设计性

Radar stealth and electromagnetic pollution concerns jointly drive the advancement of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials (EWAMs). However, achieving synchronous absorption across widely spaced frequency bands or precisely designing absorption bands at a fixed thickness still poses challenges for EWAMs. To overcome this, we proposed a frequency-targeted absorption strategy combining EWAMs and metamaterials. We first synthesized FeSiAl@SiC composites via ball milling, achieving a reflection loss of −57.12 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.24 GHz with a thickness of 3.22 mm. Subsequently, we employed a metastructure design (maintaining the overall structure thickness unchanged) for FeSiAl@SiC by replacing the partial absorber with a lossless medium layer containing resonant structures, where interfacial coherent cancellation was induced via electric resonance. This design basically retains the original absorption band while precisely enhancing Ku-band absorption at target frequencies, enabling the metamaterial absorber to achieve >80 % electromagnetic wave-absorbing across 5.6–15.61 GHz. It also improves the Radar Cross Section reduction performance at the complementary absorption frequency points. This study presents a hybrid design strategy for EWAMs and metamaterials, offering an effective approach to achieve multi-band and broadband absorption for applications in radar stealth, electromagnetic compatibility, and modern communication systems.

雷达隐身和电磁污染问题共同推动了电磁波吸收材料的发展。然而，实现宽间隔频带的同步吸收或精确设计固定厚度的吸收带仍然是ewam面临的挑战。为了克服这个问题，我们提出了一种结合ewam和超材料的频率目标吸收策略。我们首先通过球磨法合成了FeSiAl@SiC复合材料，反射损耗为- 57.12 dB，有效吸收带宽为6.24 GHz，厚度为3.22 mm。随后，我们对FeSiAl@SiC采用了元结构设计（保持整体结构厚度不变），将部分吸收器替换为包含谐振结构的无损介质层，其中通过电共振诱导界面相干抵消。本设计基本保留了原有的吸收带，同时精确增强了目标频率的ku波段吸收，使超材料吸收器在5.6-15.61 GHz范围内实现>80 %的电磁波吸收。它还提高了互补吸收频率点的雷达截面减小性能。本研究提出了ewam和超材料的混合设计策略，为雷达隐身、电磁兼容和现代通信系统提供了一种有效的多波段和宽带吸收方法。

Multiscale study of the interfacial behavior of novel (B4C + TiZrNbTa)/Al6061 composites with synergistic neutron and γ-ray shielding properties

Bohai Yang, Chunjuan Cui, Mi Chen, Huan Li, Lei Luo, Junjie Wang, Xionghou Peng

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109341

新型（B4C + TiZrNbTa）/Al6061复合材料协同中子和γ射线屏蔽性能界面行为的多尺度研究

A novel (B4C + TiZrNbTa)/Al6061 neutron and γ-ray synergistic shielding material was fabricated by vacuum hot pressing method. The material demonstrates more comprehensive shielding capabilities compared to commercially available shielding materials with a neutron and γ-ray absorption ratio equal to 100 and 31 %, respectively. In addition, a multiscale investigation integrating computational simulations and experimental characterization was conducted to elucidate the interfacial diffusion behavior and intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formation mechanis ms within the TiZrNbTa/Al system. The results demonstrate that the TiZrNbTa/Al interface comprises three distinct regions, within which three different IMCs are formed. Furthermore, the diffusion process of the TiZrNbTa/Al system was simulated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) and the results indicated that Ti and Zr atoms exhibited higher diffusion rates compared with Nb as well as Ta atoms, facilitating the formation of AlmTin and AlmZrn IMCs. This current study demonstrates a novel composite material that exhibit robust neutron and γ-ray shielding behavior with nanoscale interfacial reaction between the Al and TiZrNbTa phase occurred.

采用真空热压法制备了新型（B4C + TiZrNbTa）/Al6061中子γ射线协同屏蔽材料。与市售的中子和γ射线吸收比分别为100%和31% %的屏蔽材料相比，该材料显示出更全面的屏蔽能力。此外，通过计算模拟和实验表征相结合的多尺度研究，阐明了TiZrNbTa/Al体系中的界面扩散行为和金属间化合物（IMCs）的形成机制。结果表明，TiZrNbTa/Al界面由三个不同的区域组成，其中形成了三种不同的IMCs。利用分子动力学（MD）模拟了TiZrNbTa/Al体系的扩散过程，结果表明Ti和Zr原子比Nb和Ta原子具有更高的扩散速率，有利于AlmTin和AlmZrn IMCs的形成。本研究展示了一种新型复合材料，它具有强大的中子和γ射线屏蔽性能，Al和TiZrNbTa相之间发生了纳米级界面反应。

Dual tannic acid-based modification strategy for enhanced mechanical properties of basalt fiber/epoxy composites

Shengbo Fang, Wanghai Chen, Yang Gao, Fengli Meng, Jiazi Hou, Quanming Li, Yanli Dou

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109345

 

增强玄武岩纤维/环氧复合材料力学性能的双单宁酸改性策略

Poor interfacial adhesion between basalt fibers and epoxy resin significantly limits the mechanical performance of basalt fiber/resin composites. However, current modification methods with high interfacial property enhancement involve harsh experimental conditions and expensive modifiers. In this study, a mild dual directional modification strategy is proposed, utilizing a tannic acid-based modifier TAP that simultaneously modified the resin and basalt fiber, and the dual directionally modified composites TAP-ABF/TAP@EP is prepared. This approach not only improves interfacial adhesion but also promotes stress dispersion and energy dissipation within the composites, leading to a substantial enhancement in mechanical properties. Compared with unmodified BF/EP, the interfacial shear strength, interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength and impact strength of TAP-ABF/TAP@EP were improved by 97.5%, 75.5%, 78.8% and 87.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanis ms of the enhanced interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties were thoroughly investigated. This work provides a simple yet effective bidirectional modification strategy, offering a promising pathway for developing high-performance basalt fiber/epoxy composites.

玄武岩纤维与环氧树脂的界面附着力差，严重限制了玄武岩纤维/树脂复合材料的力学性能。然而，目前的改性方法需要苛刻的实验条件和昂贵的改性剂来提高界面性能。本研究提出了一种温和的双向改性策略，利用单宁酸基改性剂TAP同时对树脂和玄武岩纤维进行改性，制备了双向改性复合材料TAP- abf /TAP@EP。这种方法不仅提高了界面附着力，还促进了复合材料内部的应力分散和能量耗散，从而大大提高了机械性能。与未改性BF/EP相比，TAP-ABF/TAP@EP的界面抗剪强度、层间抗剪强度、抗弯强度和冲击强度分别提高了97.5%、75.5%、78.8%和87.4%。进一步研究了增强界面附着力的机理和力学性能。本研究提供了一种简单而有效的双向改性策略，为开发高性能玄武岩纤维/环氧复合材料提供了一条有前途的途径。

Effect of loading rate, viscosity, and binder activation on the bending response of an infiltrated UD-NCFs

Renan Miranda Portela, Bastian Schafer, Luise Karger, Alfredo Rocha de Faria, John Montesano

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109347

加载速率、黏度和粘结剂活化对渗透ud - nfc弯曲响应的影响

Assessing the bending response of infiltrated reinforcement fabrics is crucial in wet compression molding (WCM) as it affects macroscopic wrinkling. Binder-stabilized fabrics may be used in WCM to improve handleability and reduce defects, necessitating their characterization. This study examines the bending behavior of an infiltrated binder-stabilized carbon fiber unidirectional non-crimp fabric (UD-NCF), focusing on the effects of viscosity, loading rate, and binder pre-activation. Infiltration reduces bending stiffness compared to dry fabric owing to lubrication and lower tow-stitch friction, while higher loading rates increase bending stiffness for all considered conditions. Moreover, binder pre-activation increases fabric stiffness by enhancing tow-stitch cohesion and friction. As the first investigation on infiltrated binder-stabilized UD-NCF bending, this work advances understanding of the complex bending response.

浸润增强织物的弯曲响应在湿压缩成型（WCM）中至关重要，因为它影响宏观起皱。粘合剂稳定织物可用于WCM，以提高可处理性和减少缺陷，因此需要对其进行表征。本研究考察了渗透粘结剂稳定碳纤维单向无卷曲织物（UD-NCF）的弯曲行为，重点研究了粘度、加载率和粘结剂预活化的影响。与干燥织物相比，由于润滑和较低的拖线摩擦，渗透降低了弯曲刚度，而更高的加载率增加了所有考虑条件下的弯曲刚度。此外，粘合剂预活化通过增强双针粘合和摩擦来增加织物的刚度。作为对渗透粘合剂稳定UD-NCF弯曲的首次研究，这项工作促进了对复杂弯曲响应的理解。

Composites Part B: Engineering

Strong Interfacial Coupling Activates Lattice Oxygen of Heterogeneous Cerium Hydroxide/Nickel Ferrite Catalyst for Robust Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance

Kai Peng, Narayanamoorthy Bhuvanendran, Weiqi Zhang, Sivakumar Pasupathi, Huaneng Su

doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113080

 

强界面耦合激活非均相氢氧化铈/铁氧体镍催化剂的晶格氧，使其具有稳定的析氧反应性能

The intrinsically sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a critical bottleneck for efficiently electrochemical water splitting, demanding catalysts that are both highly active and robust. Herein, this work overcomes this challenge through a heterostructure engineering strategy, fabricating a strongly coupled Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4 heterogeneous interface on nickel foam (NF). This unique configuration is shown to critically modulate the catalyst’s electronic structure and electrochemical reconstruction, unlocking substantial gains in OER performance. The optimized Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4/NF catalyst exhibits exceptional OER performance, requiring a low overpotential of only 192 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA‧cm-2 and a s mall Tafel slope of 40.7 mV‧dec-1, and demonstrating outstanding long-term stability for 400 h at 400 mA‧cm-2 in 1 M KOH. Mechanistic studies, including pH-dependent kinetics and molecular probe experiments, reveal that the OER process predominantly follows the lattice oxygen-mediated mechanis m (LOM) of Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4/NF, bypassing the scaling relations limitations of the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanis m (AEM). Moreover, the in-situ Raman spectroscopy studies reveal a substantially decreased formation potential of the active NiOOH phase, while density functional theory (DFT) computations demonstrate that the interfacial coupling optimizes electronic structure via weakened metal-oxygen bonds and a modulated O-p band center in Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4/NF. Besides, the integrated Pt/C||Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4/NF electrolyzer exhibits excellent overall water splitting activity, demanding exceptionally low cell voltages of only 1.44 V and 1.58 V to achieve 10 and 100 mA‧cm-2, respectively. This work highlights the efficacy of rare-earth-based interface engineering in activating the LOM pathway and provides a valuable strategy for designing high-performance OER electrocatalysts.

析氧反应（OER）固有的缓慢动力学仍然是有效的电化学水分解的关键瓶颈，这要求催化剂具有高活性和鲁棒性。本文通过异质结构工程策略，在泡沫镍（NF）上制备了强耦合Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4异质界面，克服了这一挑战。这种独特的结构可以调节催化剂的电子结构和电化学重构，从而大幅提高OER性能。优化后的Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4/NF催化剂表现出优异的OER性能，仅需要192 mV的过电位就可以实现10 mA·cm-2的电流密度和40.7 mV·dec1的小塔菲斜率，并且在1 M KOH下400 mA·cm-2下具有400 h的长期稳定性。机理研究（包括ph依赖动力学和分子探针实验）表明，OER过程主要遵循Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4/NF的晶格氧介导机制（LOM），绕过了传统吸附质演化机制（AEM）的尺度关系限制。此外，原位拉曼光谱研究表明，活性NiOOH相的形成势大幅降低，而密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，界面耦合通过削弱Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4/NF中的金属-氧键和调制的O-p带中心来优化电子结构。此外，集成的Pt/C||Ce(OH)3/NiFe2O4/NF电解槽具有出色的整体水分解活性，仅需1.44 V和1.58 V的极低电池电压即可分别达到10和100 mA·cm-2。这项工作强调了基于稀土的界面工程在激活LOM途径方面的有效性，并为设计高性能OER电催化剂提供了有价值的策略。

Advancing Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Micro/Nano-Structured Interface Engineering

Lijuan Feng, Yinghong Wu, Jingkui Qu, Zehui Li, Jian Wang, Carlo Menon

doi:10.1016/j.composites b.2025.113081

 

基于微/纳米结构界面工程的液-固摩擦电纳米发电机

As an emerging technology in environmental energy harvesting, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) excel at capturing low-frequency, distributed mechanical energy. Liquid-solid TENGs (LS-TENGs), in particular, leverage the flow properties of liquid media to achieve efficient interface contact, offering significant advantages such as low mechanical wear and high humidity stability. Recent studies have underscored the importance of interface engineering in advancing the mechanis ms and applications of LS-TENGs. However, comprehensive reviews specifically addressing this critical aspect remain scarce. This review paper examines the crucial role of micro/nano-structured interface engineering in regulating LS contact electrification. It provides an in-depth an alysis of the LS charge transfer mechanis m and elucidates how key parameters, such as surface charge density and curvature, influence device performance. The review systematically outlines the design criteria and engineering strategies for micro/nano-structured interfaces, clarifying the underlying mechanis ms of interface regulation and offering essential theoretical guidance for the design of high-performance LS-TENGs. Additionally, the review highlights the applications of LS-TENGs in wave and fluid kinetic energy harvesting, providing valuable insights and practical references for developing advanced LS energy harvesting technologies.

摩擦电纳米发电机（TENGs）作为一种新兴的环境能量收集技术，具有捕获低频分布式机械能的优势。特别是液-固材料，利用液体介质的流动特性来实现有效的界面接触，具有低机械磨损和高湿度稳定性等显著优点。近年来的研究强调了界面工程在推进ls - teng机理和应用方面的重要性。然而，专门针对这一关键方面的全面审查仍然很少。本文综述了微/纳米结构界面工程在调节LS接触通电中的关键作用。深入分析了LS电荷转移机理，阐明了表面电荷密度和曲率等关键参数对器件性能的影响。本文系统概述了微/纳米结构界面的设计标准和工程策略，阐明了界面调节的潜在机制，为高性能ls - teng的设计提供了必要的理论指导。此外，综述了LS- teng在波浪和流体动能收集中的应用，为开发先进的LS- teng能量收集技术提供了有价值的见解和实用参考。